Résumé
Objectifs
Cet article examine la contribution du genre, de l’âge, de la catégorie professionnelle et du secteur économique sur la détresse psychologique, la dépression et l’épuisement professionnel.
Méthode
Les données proviennent de l’étude SALVEO menée en 2009–2012 auprès de 63 établissements et 2 162 travailleurs canadiens. Des modèles multiniveaux de régression logistique ont été estimés sur l’échantillon total et pour les hommes et les femmes séparément.
Résultats
La prévalence de la détresse psychologique atteint 23,8 %, la dépression 5,8 % et l’épuisement professionnel 3,9 %. Les problèmes de santé mentale varient entre les établissements, mais cette variation est plus forte pour l’épuisement professionnel. Les différences hommes-femmes sont significatives seulement pour la détresse psychologique, la dépression et l’épuisement émotionnel. La catégorie personnels et ouvriers non-qualifiés s’avère plus particulièrement à risque pour la dépression et l’épuisement professionnel. Les associations entre l’âge, la catégorie professionnelle et le secteur économique ne sont pas les mêmes selon le genre.
Conclusion
Les résultats de l’étude SALVEO mettent en évidence des problèmes importants de santé mentale qui varient entre les établissements, et des différences dans la Symptomatologie selon le genre, l’âge, la catégorie professionnelle et le secteur économique, ainsi que des profils de relations différenciés selon le genre. Ces résultats pointent vers le développement d’approches plus ciblées pour la prévention et l’intervention en entreprise.
Mots Clés: prévalence, santé mentale, genre, analyses multiniveaux, professions, secteurs économiques
Abstract
Objectives
This article examined the contribution of gender, age, occupation and economic sector on psychological distress, depression and burnout.
Methods
The data came from the SALVEO study carried out in 2009–2012 among 2,162 workers employed in 63 Canadian workplaces. Multilevel logistic regression models were estimated on the total sample and separately for men and women.
Results
The prevalences of psychological distress, depression and burnout were 23.8%, 5.8% and 3.9% respectively. Mental health problems varied between workplaces, but variations between workplaces were stronger for burnout. Differences between men and women were significant only for psychological distress, depression, and emotional exhaustion. Unskilled workers were found more at risk for depression and burnout. Associations among age, occupation and economic sector were not the same between genders.
Conclusion
Results from the SALVEO study highlight important mental health problems in workers that vary between workplaces, and that differences in symptomatology are associated with gender, age, occupation and economic sector. Gender reveals differentiated profiles of relationships. These results point towards the development of targeted approaches to the prevention of and intervention on mental health problems in workplaces.
Key words: Prevalence, mental health, gender, multilevel analyses, occupations, economic sector
Footnotes
Remerciements: Cette étude a été financée par une subvention des Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (n° 200607MHF-164381-MHF-CFCA-155960) et par une subvention du Fonds de recherche du Québec-Santé (n° 13928). Les auteurs remercient aussi Standard Life Canada pour leur aide dans le recrutement des milieux de travail et Julie Dextras-Cauthier pour la collecte des données.
Conflit d’intérêts: Aucun à déclarer.
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