Outcomes of the Main dans la main initiative on substance-abusing expectant and new mothers in the perinatal period

Chantal Lavergne; Geneviève Turcotte; Pauline Morissette

doi:10.17269/CJPH.106.4831

. 2015 Nov 1;106(Suppl 7):eS38–eS44. doi: 10.17269/CJPH.106.4831

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Outcomes of the Main dans la main initiative on substance-abusing expectant and new mothers in the perinatal period

Chantal Lavergne ^12,^✉, Geneviève Turcotte ¹², Pauline Morissette ²²

PMCID: PMC6972287 PMID: 26978695

Abstract

Objectives

The Main dans la main initiative relies on collaboration between child protection and hospital-based social workers to help substance-abusing expectant mothers maximize their chances of caring for their newborn. The article describes the positive outcomes of this initiative for the women, based on the experiences and perception of the participants and social workers involved.

Method

A case study was conducted with twenty-one participants using three data sources: 1) a semi-structured interview with the mothers at two points in time; 2) a semi-structured interview with social workers; and 3) the tools of the initiative. The data were analyzed based on content condensation and data presentation.

Results

A majority of participants experienced changes in their various spheres of life: personal (positive changes in substance-abuse habits), parental (improved self-confidence as a parent, reduced stress due to the fear of losing custody of their newborn), and social/relational (improved relationships with social support network and support services).

Conclusion

The results confirm the relevance and potential for change of a short intervention model during the perinatal period based on inter-professional collaboration with substance-abusing expectant mothers. Further research is needed to validate the hypothesis on the effectiveness of this initiative.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.17269/CJPH.106.4831 and is accessible for authorized users.

Key Words: substance-abuse during pregnancy, inter-professional collaboration, outcomes

Electronic supplementary material

41997_2015_10607038_MOESM1_ESM.pdf^{(136.4KB, pdf)}

Supplementary material, approximately 140 KB.

Footnotes

Conflict of Interests

None to declare.

References

1.Finnegan L. Consommation de drogues licites et illicites pendant la grossesse: répercussions sur la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile, série Toxicomanie au Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), Centre canadien de lutte contre les toxicomanies, 2013. 2014. [Google Scholar]
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3.Conners NA, Bokony PA, Whiteside-Mansell L, Bradley RH, Liu J. Addressing the treatment needs of children affected by maternal addiction: Challenges and solutions. Eval Program Plann. 2004;27(2):241–247. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.014. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
4.Simmat-Durand L. La mère toxicomane au carrefour des normes et des sanctions. Dév Soc. 2007;31(3):305–330. doi: 10.3917/ds.313.0305. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
5.Murphy S, Rosenbaum M. Pregnant Women on Drugs. Combating Stereotypes and Stigma. London, UK: Rutgers University Press; 1999. [Google Scholar]
6.Rutman D, Field B, Jackson S, Lundquist A, Callahan M. Perspectives of Substance-Using Women and Human Service Practitioners: Reflections from the Margins. In: Gustafson D, editor. Unbecoming mothers: The social production of maternal absence. New York: Hawthorne Press; 2005. [Google Scholar]
7.Klee H, Jackson M, Lewis S. Drug Misuse and Motherhood. London, UK: Routledge; 2002. [Google Scholar]
8.Simmat-Durand L. Childhood and maternity professionals and the reporting of drug addicted women’s children. Psychotropes. 2008;14(3–4):179–199. doi: 10.3917/psyt.143.0179. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
9.Emmanuelle H. Les dimensions féminines de l’usage de substances psychoactives: hypothèse sur les stéréotypes structurant les pratiques professionnelles. In: Whittaker A, editor. Guide concernant l’usage de substances psychoactives durant la grossesse. Paris: Respadd; 2013. [Google Scholar]
10.Simmat-Durand L, Genest L, Lejeune C. Les séparations des mères consommatrices de substances psychoactives et de leurs enfants: résultats dans une cohorte rétrospective française. Psychotropes. 2012;18(3–4):123–49. doi: 10.3917/psyt.183.0123. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
11.Anthony EA, Austin MJ, Cormier DR. Early detection of prenatal substance exposure and the role of child welfare. Child Youth Serv Rv. 2010;32:6–12. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.006. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
12.Mayer M, Lavergne C, Guyon L, Gemme E, Trocmé N, Girard M. Toxicomanie parentale et négligence envers les enfants: les révélations de l'étude d'incidence québécoise (ÉIQ) In: Guyon L, Brochu S, Landry M, editors. Jeunesse et toxicomanies: Bilan des connaissances et des recherches québécoises sur l’usage et l’abus de substances chez les jeunes et leurs familles. Sainte-Foy: Presses de l’Université Laval; 2004. pp. 71–104. [Google Scholar]
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14.O’Donnell M, Nassar N, Leonard H, Hagan R, Mathews R, Patterson Y, Stanley F. Increasing Prevalence of Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome: Population study of maternal factors and child protection involvement. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):614–621. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2888. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
15.Finnegan LP. Introduction to Women, Children and Addiction. J Addict Dis. 2010;29(2):113–116. doi: 10.1080/10550881003684434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16.Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health; 2009. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17.Young NK, Boles SM, Otero C. Parental substance use disorders and child maltreatment: Overlap, gaps, and opportunities. Child Maltreat. 2007;12(2):137–149. doi: 10.1177/1077559507300322. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18.Lavergne C, Morissette P. Consommation maternelle abusive d’alcool ou de drogue entourant la naissance: ampleur, enjeux pour l’aide aux femmes enceintes et aux nouvelles mères et pratiques d’intervention. In: Brochu S, Landry M, Patenaude C, editors. L’intégration des services en toxicomanie. Québec: Les presses de l’Université Laval; 2012. pp. 158–188. [Google Scholar]
19.Tuchman E. Women and addiction: the importance of gender issues in substances abuse research. JAddict Dis. 2010;29(2):127–138. doi: 10.1080/10550881003684582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20.Canadian Northwest FASD Research Network. Taking a relational approach: the importance of timely and supportive connections for women. CanFASD Northwest’s Network Action Team on Prevention from A Women’s Health Determinants Perspective. 2014. [Google Scholar]
21.Brady TM, Visscher W, Feder M, Burns AM. Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2003;14(4):588–607. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2010.0700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22.Whittaker A. Guide concernant l’usage de substances psychoactives durant la grossesse. Paris: Éditions Respadd; 2013. [Google Scholar]
23.Dell A, Roberts G. Le point sur la recherche. Consommation d’alcool et de drogue et grossesse: une importante question sociale et de santé publique. Ottawa, ON: Agence de santé publique du Canada; 2014. [Google Scholar]
24.United Nations Office on DrugsCrime. Substance abuse treatment and care for women: Case studies and lessons learned. New York: United Nations; 2004. [Google Scholar]
25.Girard MP, Dessureault S D M, Salois, Venne M. Main dans la main: un programme pour les mères toxicomanes et leur bébé. In: Lafortune D, Cousineau M-M, Tremblay C, editors. Pratiques innovantes auprès des jeunes en difficulté. Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal; 2010. pp. 15–35. [Google Scholar]
26.Morissette P, Venne M. Un modèle théorique pour évaluer et intervenir dans le contexte d’une nouvelle maternité chez les consommatrices de substances psychoactives. In: Morissette P, Venne M, editors. Parentalité alcool et drogues: un défi multidisciplinaire. Montréal (Québec): Éditions Sainte-Justine: collection Intervention; 2009. pp. 27–47. [Google Scholar]
27.Huberman AM, Miles B. Analyse des données qualitatives: recueil de nouvelles méthodes. Bruxelles, Belgique: De Boeck-Wesmael; 1991. [Google Scholar]
28.Gerring J. Case study research. Principles and practices. Boston: Cambridge University Press; 2007. [Google Scholar]
29.Devaux-Sparatakis A, Gregot A. Les défis de l’emploi de l’étude de cas en évaluation. Politiques sociales et familiales. 2012;110:33–44. doi: 10.3406/caf.2012.2732. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
30.Guzman R, Leonard L, Gwadz M, Young R, Ritchie MAA, Arredendo G, Riedel M. “I thought there was hope for me”: A behavioral intervention for urban mothers with problem drinking. Qual Research Res. 2006;16(9):1652–1266. doi: 10.1177/1049732306294080. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
31.Sword W, Niccols A, Fan A. New Choices for women with addictions: Perceptions of program participants. BMC Pub Health. 2004;4(10):1–11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-10. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
32.Cannella BL. Maternal-fetal attachment: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs. 2005;50(1):60–68. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03349.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
33.Kruk E, Banga S. Engagement of substance-using pregnant women in addiction recovery. Can J Community Ment Health. 2011;30(1):79–91. doi: 10.7870/cjcmh-2011-0006. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
34.Sword W, Jack S, Niccols A, Milligan K, Henderson J, Thabane L. Integrated programs for women with substance use issues and their children: a qualitative meta-synthesis of processes and outcomes. Harm Red J. 2009;6(32):1–17. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-6-32. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
35.Venne M, Morissette P. Ce difficile passage de toxicomane à mère: quelques éléments de compréhension. In: Morissette P, Venne M, editors. Parentalité alcool et drogues: un _éfi multidisciplinaire. Montréal (Québec): Éditions Sainte-Justine: collection Intervention; 2009. pp. 49–68. [Google Scholar]
36.Roberts G, Nanson J. Meilleurs pratiques, Syndrome d’alcoolisme foetal/effets de l’alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Division de la stratégie canadienne antidrogue. Ottawa, ON: Santé Canada; 2000. [Google Scholar]
37.Gearing RE, Selkirk EK, Koren G, Leslie M, Motz M, Zelazo LB, Lozier FA. Perspectives of mothers with substance use problems on father involvement. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;15(1):99–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
38.Morissette P, Bourque S, Roux M-È. Trajectoire d’engagement paternel dans un contexte de consommation paternelle excessive de substances psychoactives. Intervention. 2011;135(1):61–72. [Google Scholar]
39.Cawthon L, Westra K. Safe babies, safe moms: Program evaluation. Olympia, WA: Research and data Analysis department and health Services; 2003. [Google Scholar]
40.Brady TM, Visscher W, Feder M, Burns AM. Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2003;14(4):588–607. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2010.0700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
41.Sun AP. Helping substance-abusing mothers in the child welfare system: Turning crisis into opportunities. Fam Soc. 2000;81(2):142–151. doi: 10.1606/1044-3894.1008. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
42.Niccols A, Milligan K, Sword W, Thabane L. Integrated programs for mothers with substance abuse issues: A systematic review of studies reporting on parenting outcomes. Harm Reduct J. 2012;9:1–11. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-9-14. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

41997_2015_10607038_MOESM1_ESM.pdf^{(136.4KB, pdf)}

Supplementary material, approximately 140 KB.

[CR1] 1.Finnegan L. Consommation de drogues licites et illicites pendant la grossesse: répercussions sur la santé maternelle, néonatale et infantile, série Toxicomanie au Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), Centre canadien de lutte contre les toxicomanies, 2013. 2014. [Google Scholar]

[CR2] 2.Gouvernement du Québec. Plan d’action interministériel en toxicomanie 2006–2011. Québec, La Direction des communications du ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux, 2006. 2014. [Google Scholar]

[CR3] 3.Conners NA, Bokony PA, Whiteside-Mansell L, Bradley RH, Liu J. Addressing the treatment needs of children affected by maternal addiction: Challenges and solutions. Eval Program Plann. 2004;27(2):241–247. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.014. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR4] 4.Simmat-Durand L. La mère toxicomane au carrefour des normes et des sanctions. Dév Soc. 2007;31(3):305–330. doi: 10.3917/ds.313.0305. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR5] 5.Murphy S, Rosenbaum M. Pregnant Women on Drugs. Combating Stereotypes and Stigma. London, UK: Rutgers University Press; 1999. [Google Scholar]

[CR6] 6.Rutman D, Field B, Jackson S, Lundquist A, Callahan M. Perspectives of Substance-Using Women and Human Service Practitioners: Reflections from the Margins. In: Gustafson D, editor. Unbecoming mothers: The social production of maternal absence. New York: Hawthorne Press; 2005. [Google Scholar]

[CR7] 7.Klee H, Jackson M, Lewis S. Drug Misuse and Motherhood. London, UK: Routledge; 2002. [Google Scholar]

[CR8] 8.Simmat-Durand L. Childhood and maternity professionals and the reporting of drug addicted women’s children. Psychotropes. 2008;14(3–4):179–199. doi: 10.3917/psyt.143.0179. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR9] 9.Emmanuelle H. Les dimensions féminines de l’usage de substances psychoactives: hypothèse sur les stéréotypes structurant les pratiques professionnelles. In: Whittaker A, editor. Guide concernant l’usage de substances psychoactives durant la grossesse. Paris: Respadd; 2013. [Google Scholar]

[CR10] 10.Simmat-Durand L, Genest L, Lejeune C. Les séparations des mères consommatrices de substances psychoactives et de leurs enfants: résultats dans une cohorte rétrospective française. Psychotropes. 2012;18(3–4):123–49. doi: 10.3917/psyt.183.0123. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR11] 11.Anthony EA, Austin MJ, Cormier DR. Early detection of prenatal substance exposure and the role of child welfare. Child Youth Serv Rv. 2010;32:6–12. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.006. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR12] 12.Mayer M, Lavergne C, Guyon L, Gemme E, Trocmé N, Girard M. Toxicomanie parentale et négligence envers les enfants: les révélations de l'étude d'incidence québécoise (ÉIQ) In: Guyon L, Brochu S, Landry M, editors. Jeunesse et toxicomanies: Bilan des connaissances et des recherches québécoises sur l’usage et l’abus de substances chez les jeunes et leurs familles. Sainte-Foy: Presses de l’Université Laval; 2004. pp. 71–104. [Google Scholar]

[CR13] 13.Forrester D, Harwin J. Parental substance misuse and child care social work: findings from the first stage of a study of 100 families. Child Fam Soc Work. 2006;11(4):325–335. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2206.2006.00415.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR14] 14.O’Donnell M, Nassar N, Leonard H, Hagan R, Mathews R, Patterson Y, Stanley F. Increasing Prevalence of Neonatal Withdrawal Syndrome: Population study of maternal factors and child protection involvement. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):614–621. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-2888. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR15] 15.Finnegan LP. Introduction to Women, Children and Addiction. J Addict Dis. 2010;29(2):113–116. doi: 10.1080/10550881003684434. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR16] 16.Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment: Addressing the Specific Needs of Women. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health; 2009. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR17] 17.Young NK, Boles SM, Otero C. Parental substance use disorders and child maltreatment: Overlap, gaps, and opportunities. Child Maltreat. 2007;12(2):137–149. doi: 10.1177/1077559507300322. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR18] 18.Lavergne C, Morissette P. Consommation maternelle abusive d’alcool ou de drogue entourant la naissance: ampleur, enjeux pour l’aide aux femmes enceintes et aux nouvelles mères et pratiques d’intervention. In: Brochu S, Landry M, Patenaude C, editors. L’intégration des services en toxicomanie. Québec: Les presses de l’Université Laval; 2012. pp. 158–188. [Google Scholar]

[CR19] 19.Tuchman E. Women and addiction: the importance of gender issues in substances abuse research. JAddict Dis. 2010;29(2):127–138. doi: 10.1080/10550881003684582. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR20] 20.Canadian Northwest FASD Research Network. Taking a relational approach: the importance of timely and supportive connections for women. CanFASD Northwest’s Network Action Team on Prevention from A Women’s Health Determinants Perspective. 2014. [Google Scholar]

[CR21] 21.Brady TM, Visscher W, Feder M, Burns AM. Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2003;14(4):588–607. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2010.0700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR22] 22.Whittaker A. Guide concernant l’usage de substances psychoactives durant la grossesse. Paris: Éditions Respadd; 2013. [Google Scholar]

[CR23] 23.Dell A, Roberts G. Le point sur la recherche. Consommation d’alcool et de drogue et grossesse: une importante question sociale et de santé publique. Ottawa, ON: Agence de santé publique du Canada; 2014. [Google Scholar]

[CR24] 24.United Nations Office on DrugsCrime. Substance abuse treatment and care for women: Case studies and lessons learned. New York: United Nations; 2004. [Google Scholar]

[CR25] 25.Girard MP, Dessureault S D M, Salois, Venne M. Main dans la main: un programme pour les mères toxicomanes et leur bébé. In: Lafortune D, Cousineau M-M, Tremblay C, editors. Pratiques innovantes auprès des jeunes en difficulté. Montréal: Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal; 2010. pp. 15–35. [Google Scholar]

[CR26] 26.Morissette P, Venne M. Un modèle théorique pour évaluer et intervenir dans le contexte d’une nouvelle maternité chez les consommatrices de substances psychoactives. In: Morissette P, Venne M, editors. Parentalité alcool et drogues: un défi multidisciplinaire. Montréal (Québec): Éditions Sainte-Justine: collection Intervention; 2009. pp. 27–47. [Google Scholar]

[CR27] 27.Huberman AM, Miles B. Analyse des données qualitatives: recueil de nouvelles méthodes. Bruxelles, Belgique: De Boeck-Wesmael; 1991. [Google Scholar]

[CR28] 28.Gerring J. Case study research. Principles and practices. Boston: Cambridge University Press; 2007. [Google Scholar]

[CR29] 29.Devaux-Sparatakis A, Gregot A. Les défis de l’emploi de l’étude de cas en évaluation. Politiques sociales et familiales. 2012;110:33–44. doi: 10.3406/caf.2012.2732. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR30] 30.Guzman R, Leonard L, Gwadz M, Young R, Ritchie MAA, Arredendo G, Riedel M. “I thought there was hope for me”: A behavioral intervention for urban mothers with problem drinking. Qual Research Res. 2006;16(9):1652–1266. doi: 10.1177/1049732306294080. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR31] 31.Sword W, Niccols A, Fan A. New Choices for women with addictions: Perceptions of program participants. BMC Pub Health. 2004;4(10):1–11. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-10. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR32] 32.Cannella BL. Maternal-fetal attachment: An integrative review. J Adv Nurs. 2005;50(1):60–68. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03349.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR33] 33.Kruk E, Banga S. Engagement of substance-using pregnant women in addiction recovery. Can J Community Ment Health. 2011;30(1):79–91. doi: 10.7870/cjcmh-2011-0006. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR34] 34.Sword W, Jack S, Niccols A, Milligan K, Henderson J, Thabane L. Integrated programs for women with substance use issues and their children: a qualitative meta-synthesis of processes and outcomes. Harm Red J. 2009;6(32):1–17. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-6-32. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR35] 35.Venne M, Morissette P. Ce difficile passage de toxicomane à mère: quelques éléments de compréhension. In: Morissette P, Venne M, editors. Parentalité alcool et drogues: un _éfi multidisciplinaire. Montréal (Québec): Éditions Sainte-Justine: collection Intervention; 2009. pp. 49–68. [Google Scholar]

[CR36] 36.Roberts G, Nanson J. Meilleurs pratiques, Syndrome d’alcoolisme foetal/effets de l’alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Division de la stratégie canadienne antidrogue. Ottawa, ON: Santé Canada; 2000. [Google Scholar]

[CR37] 37.Gearing RE, Selkirk EK, Koren G, Leslie M, Motz M, Zelazo LB, Lozier FA. Perspectives of mothers with substance use problems on father involvement. Can J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;15(1):99–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR38] 38.Morissette P, Bourque S, Roux M-È. Trajectoire d’engagement paternel dans un contexte de consommation paternelle excessive de substances psychoactives. Intervention. 2011;135(1):61–72. [Google Scholar]

[CR39] 39.Cawthon L, Westra K. Safe babies, safe moms: Program evaluation. Olympia, WA: Research and data Analysis department and health Services; 2003. [Google Scholar]

[CR40] 40.Brady TM, Visscher W, Feder M, Burns AM. Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2003;14(4):588–607. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2010.0700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

[CR41] 41.Sun AP. Helping substance-abusing mothers in the child welfare system: Turning crisis into opportunities. Fam Soc. 2000;81(2):142–151. doi: 10.1606/1044-3894.1008. [DOI] [Google Scholar]

[CR42] 42.Niccols A, Milligan K, Sword W, Thabane L. Integrated programs for mothers with substance abuse issues: A systematic review of studies reporting on parenting outcomes. Harm Reduct J. 2012;9:1–11. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-9-14. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

PERMALINK

Outcomes of the Main dans la main initiative on substance-abusing expectant and new mothers in the perinatal period

Retombées de l’initiative Main dans la main auprès des futures et nouvelles mères consommatrices de substances psychoactives en période périnatale

Chantal Lavergne, Ph.D.

Geneviève Turcotte, M.Sc.

Pauline Morissette, Ph.D.

Abstract

Objectives

Method

Results

Conclusion

Electronic Supplementary Material

Résumé

Objectifs

Méthode

Résultats

Conclusion

Electronic supplementary material

Footnotes

References

Associated Data

Supplementary Materials

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

Cite

Add to Collections

PERMALINK

Outcomes of the Main dans la main initiative on substance-abusing expectant and new mothers in the perinatal period

Retombées de l’initiative Main dans la main auprès des futures et nouvelles mères consommatrices de substances psychoactives en période périnatale

Chantal Lavergne, Ph.D.

Geneviève Turcotte, M.Sc.

Pauline Morissette, Ph.D.

Abstract

Objectives

Method

Results

Conclusion

Electronic Supplementary Material

Résumé

Objectifs

Méthode

Résultats

Conclusion

Electronic supplementary material

Footnotes

References

Associated Data

Supplementary Materials

ACTIONS

PERMALINK

RESOURCES

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