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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2016 Jan 1;107(1):e9–e15. doi: 10.17269/cjph.107.5228

Data-driven approach of CUSUM algorithm in temporal aberrant event detection using interactive web applications

Ye Li 13,23,, Michael Whelan 13, Leigh Hobbs 13, Wen Qi Fan 23, Cecilia Fung 13, Kenny Wong 13, Alex Marchand-Austin 13, Tina Badiani 13, Ian Johnson 13,23
PMCID: PMC6972372  PMID: 27348117

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In 2014/2015, Public Health Ontario developed disease-specific, cumulative sum (CUSUM)-based statistical algorithms for detecting aberrant increases in reportable infectious disease incidence in Ontario. The objective of this study was to determine whether the prospective application of these CUSUM algorithms, based on historical patterns, have improved specificity and sensitivity compared to the currently used Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) algorithm, developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

METHOD: A total of seven algorithms were developed for the following diseases: cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, influenza (one each for type A and type B), mumps, pertussis, invasive pneumococcal disease. Historical data were used as baseline to assess known outbreaks. Regression models were used to model seasonality and CUSUM was applied to the difference between observed and expected counts. An interactive web application was developed allowing program staff to directly interact with data and tune the parameters of CUSUM algorithms using their expertise on the epidemiology of each disease. Using these parameters, a CUSUM detection system was applied prospectively and the results were compared to the outputs generated by EARS. The outcome was the detection of outbreaks, or the start of a known seasonal increase and predicting the peak in activity.

RESULTS: The CUSUM algorithms detected provincial outbreaks earlier than the EARS algorithm, identified the start of the influenza season in advance of traditional methods, and had fewer false positive alerts. Additionally, having staff involved in the creation of the algorithms improved their understanding of the algorithms and improved use in practice.

CONCLUSION: Using interactive web-based technology to tune CUSUM improved the sensitivity and specificity of detection algorithms.

Key Words: CUSUM, EARS, data driven, aberration detection, interactive web application

Footnotes

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

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