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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2015 Jul 1;106(5):e315–e321. doi: 10.17269/cjph.106.5029

Prevalence of risk and protective factors associated with heat-related outcomes in Southern Quebec: A secondary analysis of the NuAge study

Émélie Laverdière 111, Mélissa Généreux 211,311,411,811,, Pierrette Gaudreau 511, José A Morais 611, Bryna Shatenstein 711, Hélène Payette 311,411
PMCID: PMC6972378  PMID: 26451994

Abstract

Objectives

Heat vulnerability is increasing owing to climate change, aging and urbanization. This vulnerability may vary geographically. Our study examined the prevalence and distribution of risk and protective factors of heat-related outcomes among older adults across three health regions of Southern Quebec (Canada).

Method

This secondary cross-sectional study used data from the 1st follow-up of the NuAge longitudinal study, a cohort of community-dwelling older adults, aged 68–82 years at baseline, of three health regions: Eastern Townships, Montreal and Laval. Prevalence of factors, identified in Health Canada guidelines, was measured. An Older Adult Heat Vulnerability Index (OAHVI) simultaneously considering medical, social and environmental factors was constructed. The distribution of each factor and OAHVI was examined across the three regions. Results were weighted for age, sex (overall and region-specific analyses) and region (overall analyses).

Results

Ninety percent of participants had ≥1 risk factor, the most prevalent being: cardiovascular medication (50.8%), hypertension (46.7%), living alone (39.2%), cardiovascular disease (36.9%), living in an urban heat island (34.7%) and needing help in activities of daily living (26.5%). Two thirds of participants had ≥1 protective factor, the most prevalent being talking on the phone daily (70.9%). Heat vulnerability varied greatly by region and this variation was mainly attributable to social and environmental rather than medical factors. According to the OAHVI, 87.2% of participants cumulated ≥2 factors (median = 3.0 factors/participant).

Conclusion

Our results support the need for small-scale assessment of heat vulnerability. This study could help stakeholders tackle heat-related illness and develop regionally tailored prevention programs.

Key Words: Extreme heat, risk factors, protective factors, aged

Footnotes

Funding Source of Support: The NuAge study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (Grant # MOP–62842), and the Quebec Network for Research on Aging, a network funded by the Fonds de Recherche du Québec–Santé.

Acknowledgements: We acknowledge the excellent contribution of Steve Toutant, geomatic specialist at the INSPQ, for the determination of ecological data.

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

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