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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2009 Mar 1;100(2):121–124. doi: 10.1007/BF03405520

Hepatitis C and HIV Prevalence Using Oral Mucosal Transudate, and Reported Drug Use and Sexual Behaviours of Youth in Custody in British Columbia

J A Buxton 113,213,, D Rothon 313, M Durigon 113,213, M Lem 413, A W Tu 213, V P Remple 113, D Cook 213, M Krajden 213
PMCID: PMC6973729  PMID: 19839288

Abstract

Background

Youth in custody have high-risk drug use and sexual behaviours. HIV prevalence in this population was assessed in British Columbia (BC) in 1994 but hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence has never been measured. We sought to determine: 1) the performance of the OraSure®, a non-invasive device for oral mucosal transudate (OMT) specimen collection, to detect HCV and HIV antibodies; 2) the prevalence of HCV and HIV among youth in custody; and 3) the factors associated with intravenous drug use and sex for trade.

Methods

OraSure® was validated in 110 adults with known HIV and HCV sero-status. Nurses administered an anonymous survey and collected OMT samples from youth aged 14–19 years in BC youth custody centres.

Results

Antibody detection in OMT had 96.4% sensitivity for HIV and 94.6% for HCV. 417 youth were enrolled; 22% were female; 48% reported Aboriginal ethnicity. Although 98.3% reported ever using drugs, <8% reported injection drug use (IDU). IDU was independently associated with age of first sexual intercourse (inverse association) and sex for trade (sex in exchange for money, drugs, food or shelter) (OR 4.28; 95% CI: 1.56-11.75). Females were >9 times more likely to report sex for trade. Five Aboriginal youth were identified with HCV; prevalence estimate 1.2% (95% CI: 0.53-2.77%); 3 reported injecting drugs, the other 2 reported using cocaine/crack and sharing non-injection drug paraphernalia. Two youth were identified with HIV, prevalence estimate 0.48% (95% CI: 0.14%-1.72%).

Conclusion

IDU, HCV and HIV prevalence remain low. Interventions are needed to prevent transition to IDU and further opportunities for prevention and harm reduction should be explored while the youth are in custody.

Key words: HIV, hepatitis C, youth

Footnotes

Financial support for this study was provided by Health Canada, First Nations and Inuit Health Branch.

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