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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2011 Jul 1;102(4):249–253. doi: 10.1007/BF03404042

Implementing an Indoor Smoking Ban in Prison: Enforcement Issues and Effects on Tobacco Use, Exposure to Second-hand Smoke and Health of Inmates

Benoit Lasnier 13,, Michael Cantinotti 23, Louise Guyon 13, Ann Royer 33, Serge Brochu 43, Lyne Chayer 13
PMCID: PMC6973775  PMID: 21913577

Abstract

Objectives

To describe the issues encountered during the implementation of an indoor smoking ban in prison and its effects on self-reported tobacco use, perceived exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and perceived health status of inmates in Quebec’s provincial correctional facilities.

Methods

Quantitative data were obtained from 113 inmates in three provincial correctional facilities in the province of Quebec, Canada. Qualitative data were obtained from 52 inmates and 27 staff members. Participants were recruited through a self-selection process. Particular efforts were made to enrol proportions of men, women, smokers and non-smokers similar to those generally found among correctional populations.

Results

Despite the indoor smoking ban, 93% of inmates who declared themselves smokers reported using tobacco products inside the correctional facilities and 48% did not report any reduction in their tobacco use. Only 46% of smokers declared having been caught smoking inside the facility, and more than half of them (58%) reported no disciplinary consequences to their smoking. A majority of inmates incarcerated before the implementation of the ban (66%) did not perceive a reduction of their exposure to SHS following the indoor ban. Enforcement issues were encountered during the implementation of the indoor ban, notably because of the amendment made to the original regulation (total smoking ban) and tolerance from smokers in the staff towards indoor smoking. They were also related to perceptions that banning indoor smoking is complex and poses management problems.

Conclusion

This study’s findings emphasize the importance of considering organizational and environmental factors when planning the implementation of an indoor smoking ban in correctional facilities.

Key words: Correctional facilities, indoor smoking ban, enforcement issues, second-hand smoke

Footnotes

Acknowledgements: This study was funded by the Quebec Department of Health and Social Services and the Interdisciplinary Capacity Enhancement (ICE) Program (Small Project Funding). The opinions expressed in the article do not necessarily reflect those of the Quebec Department of Health and Social Services and the Quebec Department of Public Security. During part of this study, Michael Cantinotti was a postdoctoral fellow with an award from the Transdisciplinary Training Program in Public and Population Health Research of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

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