Abstract
Objectives
Karasek’s demand-control model and Siegrist’s effort-reward imbalance model have accumulated solid evidence regarding the associations between exposure to psychosocial risk at work (PSRW) and mental health of workers. However, there is scarce such evidence with regard to its associations with alcohol consumption. This study proposed to estimate the associations between exposure to PSRW and hazardous alcohol consumption (HAC) in Chile’s working adult population.
Method
The study was cross-sectional and a nationally representative survey was applied to 3,010 workers (65% male and 35% female, ages 20 to 65). The analysis included prevalences and logistic regression controlling for covariables.
Results
The adjusted analyses show that male workers exposed to low social support (OR=1.47; 95% CI:1.14–1.89), low reward (OR=1.38; 95% CI:1.07–1.78) and effort-reward imbalance (OR=1.34; 95% CI:1.04–1.73) have a higher chance of presenting with HAC compared to those who are not exposed. Female workers exposed to effort-reward imbalance (OR=2.34; 95% CI:1.10–5.58) have twice the risk of HAC compared with their reference group.
Conclusion
This study shows evidence of the associations between HAC and exposure to a set of psychosocial risk factors from the Karasek and Siegrist models. For future research, it is recommended that HAC and PSRW factors be examined in a longitudinal study in order to control for possible confounding effects on these associations.
Key words: Alcohol consumption, effort-reward imbalance, demand-control-support model, work stress
Résumé
Objectifs
Le modèle ªDemande-Latitude« de Karasek et le modèle ªDéséquilibre Efforts/Reconnaissance« de Siegrist accumulent des preuves solides sur les associations entre l’exposition aux risques psychosociaux au travail (RPT) et la santé mentale des travailleurs. Cependant, il existe peu de preuves de la sorte en ce qui a trait aux associations entre les RPT et la consommation d’alcool. Nous avons voulu estimer les associations entre l’exposition aux RPT et la consommation dangereuse d’alcool (CDA) dans la population active d’âge adulte du Chili.
Méthode
Une enquête représentative nationale transversale a été menée auprès de 3 010 travailleurs (65% d’hommes et 35% de femmes, 20 à 65 ans). L’analyse a inclus le calcul des prévalences et de la régression logistique après ajustement pour tenir compte des effets des covariables.
Résultats
Les analyses ajustées montrent que les travailleurs masculins exposés à un faible soutien social (RC=1,47; IC de 95%: 1,14–1,89), à une faible reconnaissance (RC=1,38; IC de 95%: 1,07-1,78) et à un déséquilibre efforts/reconnaissance (RC=1,34; IC de 95%: 1,04–1,73) ont une probabilité supérieure de présenter une CDA comparativement aux travailleurs non exposés. Les travailleuses exposées à un déséquilibre efforts/reconnaissance (RC=2,34; IC de 95%: 1,10–5,58) ont un risque deux fois supérieur de présenter une CDA comparativement à leur groupe témoin.
Conclusion
Cette étude prouve qu’il existe des associations entre la CDA et l’exposition à un ensemble de facteurs de risque psychosociaux tirés des modèles de Karasek et de Siegrist. Pour pousser la recherche, il est recommandé d’examiner les facteurs de la CDA et des RPT dans une étude longitudinale afin de tenir compte des effets de facteurs de confusion possibles sur ces associations.
Mots clés: consommation d’alcool, déséquilibre efforts/reconnaissance, modèle demande-latitude-soutien, stress professionnel
Footnotes
Acknowledgements: This work was carried out with support from the Global Health Research Initiative (GHRI), a collaborative research funding partnership of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Canadian International Development Agency, Health Canada, the International Development Research Centre, and the Public Health Agency of Canada.
Conflict of Interest: None to declare.
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