Abstract
Objective
Estimate the number of awakenings additional to spontaneous awakenings, induced by the nighttime aircraft movements at an international airport in Montreal, in the population residing nearby in 2009.
Methods
Maximum sound levels (LAS,max) were derived from aircraft movements using the Integrated Noise Model 7.0b, on a 28 x 28 km grid centred on the airport and with a 0.1 x 0.1 km resolution. Outdoor LAS,max were converted to indoor LAS,max by reducing noise levels by 15 dB(A) or 21 dB(A). For all grid points, LAS,max were transformed into probabilities of additional awakening using a function developed by Basner et al. (2006). The probabilities of additional awakening were linked to estimated numbers of exposed residents for each grid location to assess the number of aircraft-noise-induced awakenings in Montreal.
Results
Using a 15 dB(A) sound attenuation, 590 persons would, on average, have one or more additional awakenings per night for the year 2009. In the scenario using a 21 dB(A) sound attenuation, on average, no one would be subjected to one or more additional awakenings per night due to aircraft noise.
Conclusion
Using the 2009 flight patterns, our data suggest that a small number of Montreal residents are exposed to noise levels that could induce one or more awakenings additional to spontaneous awakenings per night.
Key words: Noise; sleep; aircraft, risk assessment
Résumé
Objectif
Estimer le nombre de réveils additionnels aux réveils spontanés, générés par les mouvements aériens nocturnes, de la population résidant à proximité d’un aéroport international sur l’île de Montréal en 2009.
Méthode
Les niveaux sonores maximaux (LAS,max) ont été déterminés à partir des mouvements aériens suite à l’aide de l’{tiIntegrated Noise Model} 7,0b pour une grille de points de 28 x 28 km centrée sur l’aéroport à une résolution de 0,1 x 0,1 km. Les LAS,max extérieurs ont été convertis en LAS,max intérieurs en les réduisant de 15 dB(A) ou 21 dB(A). Ensuite les LAS,max de chaque point de grille ont été transformés en probabilité de réveils additionnels à l’aide d’une fonction développée par Basner et coll. (2006). Les probabilités de réveils additionnels calculées ont été associées au nombre de résidents se trouvant à chaque point de grille afin d’estimer les réveils additionnels liés aux mouvements aériens à Montréal.
Résultats
En utilisant l’atténuation sonore de 15 dB(A), 590 individus auraient, en moyenne, un réveil additionnel ou plus par nuit en 2009. Cependant, en utilisant l’atténuation sonore de 21 dB(A), en moyenne, aucun individu n’éprouverait un réveil additionnel ou plus par nuit.
Conclusion
Selon nos résultats, issus des mouvements aériens de 2009, un nombre restreint de Montréalais seraient exposés à des niveaux sonores pouvant induire un réveil additionnel aux réveils spontanés ou plus par nuit.
Mots clés: bruit, sommeil, avion, analyse de risque
Abbreviation
- dB(A)
decibel with an A weighted sound level
- INM
Integrated Noise Model
- LAeq
A weighted equivalent sound levels
- LAS,max
maximum A weighted sound level with 1-second time weighting
- Lnight
LAeq for nighttime noise of an 8-h duration
- Lday
LAeq for daytime noise of a 16-h duration
Footnotes
Acknowledgements: We thank the Direction de la santé publique de Montréal de l’Agence de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec for their financial and logistical support; and Dr. Louis Drouin for his leadership in ensuring that this project was possible.
Conflict of Interest: None to declare.
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