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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2012 Sep 1;103(5):e327–e331. doi: 10.1007/BF03404435

Consumer Understanding of Calorie Amounts and Serving Size: Implications for Nutritional Labelling

Lana Vanderlee 13, Samantha Goodman 23, Wiworn Sae Yang 13, David Hammond 13,
PMCID: PMC6974024  PMID: 23617982

Abstract

Objective

Increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to rising obesity levels. Under Canadian law, calories for prepackaged foods and beverages are presented by serving size; however, serving sizes differ across products and even for the same product in different containers. This study examined consumer understanding of calorie amounts for government nutrition labels and industry labelling schemes.

Methods

A national sample of 687 Canadian adults completed an online survey. Participants were randomized to view images of Coke® bottles that displayed different serving sizes and calorie amounts. Participants viewed either the regulated nutrition information on the “back” of containers, or the voluntary calorie symbols displayed on the “front” of Coke® products. Participants were asked to determine how many calories the bottle contained.

Results

Across all conditions, 54.2% of participants correctly identified the number of calories in the beverage. Participants who viewed governmentmandated nutrition information were more likely to answer correctly (59.0%) than those who saw industry labelling (49.1%) (OR=5.3, 95% CI: 2.6–10.6). Only 11.8% who viewed the Coke® bottle with calorie amounts per serving correctly identified the calorie amount, compared to 91.8% who saw calorie amounts per container, regardless of whether information was presented in the Nutrition Facts Table or the front-of-pack symbol (OR=242.9, 95% CI: 112.1–526.2).

Conclusions

Few individuals can use nutrition labels to correctly identify calorie content when presented per serving or using industry labelling schemes. The findings highlight the importance of revising labelling standards and indicate that industry labelling initiatives warrant greater scrutiny.

Key words: Nutrition labelling, food labelling, nutrition policy, comprehension, front-of-package labelling

Footnotes

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

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