Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2012 Jul 1;103(4):e249–e254. doi: 10.1007/BF03404229

Foods Offered in Quebec School Cafeterias: Do They Promote Healthy Eating Habits? Results of a Provincial Survey

Pascale Morin 14,, Karine Demers 14, Katherine Gray-Donald 24, Lyne Mongeau 34
PMCID: PMC6974127  PMID: 23618635

Abstract

Objective

A school environment that encourages students to opt for food with sound nutritional value is both essential and formative in ensuring that young people adopt healthy eating habits. The aim of this paper is to describe the food offered for lunch in the cafeteria service lines in Quebec schools on regular school days.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2008 and June 2009 with a representative sample of 207 French-speaking schools in the province of Quebec. The response rate was 71%. The cafeteria food available from the service line was observed directly and systematically by research assistants trained in observational procedures. Bivariate and descriptive analyses were performed.

Results

While most schools offered a vegetable side dish, only 71% of primary schools, 71% of public secondary schools, and 54% of private secondary schools did not offer cold-cut dishes, stuffed pastry, or a fried food on their daily menus. The sandwiches available were rarely made with whole-grain bread. Public secondary schools had more cookies, biscuits, muffins, and chewing gum than private primary and secondary schools. Milk was available in 85% of the primary schools. Most of the schools had eliminated sodas but were still offering fruit cocktails instead of 100% fruit juice.

Conclusion

The school eating environment changed significantly from 2002 to 2009, presumably as a result of the government action plan and the Framework Policy. Improvements must be made with respect to reducing added sugar in beverages and desserts and promoting baked rather than fried snacks. Vigilance is required since many new products are making their way into the market.

Key words: School, food services, child, nutrition, health behaviour

Footnotes

Acknowledgements: This study was funded by Quebec’s government and le Centre de recherche en prévention de l’obésité. The authors thank the school personnel for their contribution to the data collection. Special thanks to the co-investigators and collaborators.

Conflict of Interest: None to declare.

References

  • 1.Shields M. Obésité mesurée. L’embonpoint chez les enfants et les adolescents au Canada. Ottawa, ON: Statistique Canada; 2005. [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Dietz WH. Health consequences of obesity in youth: Childhood predictors of adult disease. Pediatrics. 1998;101:518–25. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993;22:167–77. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1993.1014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.OMS. Obésité et surpoids: que sont l’obésité et le surpoids? 2012. [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Byrne E, Nitzke S. Preschool children’s acceptance of a novel vegetable following exposure to messages in a storybook. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2002;34(4):211–14. doi: 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60095-X. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.OMS. Obésité . Prévention et prise en charge de l’épidémie mondiale. Genève, Suisse: OMS; 2003. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Cohen DA, Scribner RA, Farley TA. A structural model of health behavior: A pragmatic approach to explain and influence health behaviors at the population level. Prev Med. 2000;30(2):146–54. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1999.0609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Kubik MY, Lytle LA, Hannan PJ, Perry CL, Story M. The association of the school food environment with dietary behaviors of young adolescents. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(7):1168–73. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.93.7.1168. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Côté G, Déry V, Vanier L. État de la situation de l’environnement alimentaire dans les écoles de la région de Montréal-centre. Montréal, QC: Direction de la santé publique; 2002. [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Beauchesne-Rondeau E, Chaumette P. Situation environnementale de la nutrition dans les écoles de la région de la capitale nationale. Québec: Direction régionale de santé publique; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Coalition for School Nutrition. School survey of food and nutrition policies in Newfoundland and Labrador. 2001. [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Act Now BC. School food sales and policies provincial report. Vancouver, BC: Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health; 2005. [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. Plan d’action gouvernemental de promotion des saines habitudes de vie et de prévention des problèmes reliés au poids 2006–2012 — Investir pour l’avenir. Québec: Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux; 2006. [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Wechsler H, Devereaux RS, Davis M, Collins J. Using the school environment to promote physical activity and healthy eating. Prev Med. 2000;312:S121–S137. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0649. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Ministère de l’Éducation du Loisir et du Sport. Pour un virage santé à l’école. Québec: Ministère de l’Éducation du Loisir et du Sport; 2007. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Health Canada . Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide. 2012. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Oldenburg B, Sallis JF, Harris D, Owen N. Checklist of health promotion environments at worksites (CHEW): Development and measurement characteristics. Am J Health Promot. 2002;16(5):288–99. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-16.5.288. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.OMS. Stratégie mondiale pour l’alimentation, l’exercice physique et la santé. Genève: OMS; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 19.French SA, Stables G. Environmental interventions to promote vegetable and fruit consumption among youth in school settings. Prev Med. 2003;37(6Pt1):593–610. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.09.007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Roberge MC, Choinière C. Analyse des interventions de promotion de la santé et de prévention en contexte scolaire québécois: cohérence avec les meilleures pratiques selon l’approche École en santé. Québec: Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Direction développement des individus et des communautés; 2009. [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Doak CM, Visscher TL, Renders CM, Seidell JC. The prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: A review of interventions and programmes. Obes Rev. 2006;7(1):111–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00234.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Brown BJ, Hermann JR. Cooking classes increase fruit and vegetable intake and food safety behaviors in youth and adults. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2005;37(2):104–5. doi: 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60027-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Wang LY, Yang Q, Lowry R, Wechsler H. Economic analysis of a school-based obesity prevention program. Obesity. 2003;11(11):1313–24. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.178. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Morin P, Roy MA, Tremblay C. Faits saillants sur les pratiques en alimentation et activité physique des jeunes sherbrookois. 2009. [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux. Vision de la saine alimentation pour la création d’environnements alimentaires favorables à la santé. Québec: Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux; 2010. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES