Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2009 Jan 1;100(1):41–45. doi: 10.1007/BF03405491

Changing Social Norms: A Mass Media Campaign for Youth Ages 12–18

Eileen Schmidt 111, Susan Mide Kiss 211,, Wendi Lokanc-Diluzio 311
PMCID: PMC6974173  PMID: 19263982

Abstract

Objective

To create a mass media campaign that endeavours to a) denormalize tobacco use among youth aged 12–18, b) empower youth to stay tobacco product free, and c) increase awareness of the dangers of tobacco use, while using positive messaging.

Participants

Target age group was youth between the ages of 12 and 18 years.

Setting

The mass media campaign was developed, implemented, and evaluated within the city of Calgary.

Intervention

The mass media campaign consisted of posters for schools and other venues frequented by youth (e.g., community centres, libraries, fitness centres, restaurants, movie theatres), posters for transit (e.g., bus shelters, LRT shelters, back of bus) print advertisements, television/radio public service announcements, an interactive community website for youth, a media launch event, promotional items, and organizational efforts to cross-promote the campaign. The creative concept was based on intercept interviews, focus group testing, and other research conducted by the campaign’s creative team and youth volunteers in order to identify the key elements of this campaign.

Outcomes

A total of 149 students completed both a baseline and follow-up survey to evaluate the marketing activities of the campaign. A total of 27 youth participated in prototype testing to compare this positive-messaging campaign with negative-toned tobacco reduction campaigns. Six stakeholders/partners participated in stakeholder interviews to assess their thoughts and learnings regarding the campaign process.

Conclusion

The evaluation respondents viewed the campaign positively and showed strong recall of the messaging.

Key words: Social marketing, youth, tobacco reduction

Footnotes

Sources of Support: Funding for the media campaign was provided by Health Canada Mass Media Activities under the Federal Tobacco Control Strategy. Evaluation for this campaign was conducted by Howard Research and Management Consulting and the creative design by Orange Door Communications and Global Television Creative Services. Community partners who contributed to the I Am the Owner of Me Campaign include Calgary Health Region in partnership with Health Canada, the Alberta Alcohol and Drug Addiction Commission (AADAC), Canadian Cancer Society, Calgary Urban Vibe and a local high school.

References

  • 1.Mackay J, Eriksen M, Shafey O. The Tobacco Atlas. 2nd. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2006. [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Canadian Institute for Health Information CIHI. Health Indicators 2006. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institute for Health Information; 2006. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Statistics Canada. Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey (CTUMS), February-December 2005. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 2005. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey. Ottawa: Statistics Canada; 2002. [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Mowery P, Farrelly MC, Haviland L, Gable J, Wells HE. Progression to established smoking among US youth. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(2):331–37. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.94.2.331. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Farrelly MC, Niederdeppe J, Yarsevich J. Youth tobacco prevention mass media campaigns: Past, present and future directions. Tobacco Control. 2003;12(Suppl.1):i45. doi: 10.1136/tc.12.suppl_1.i35. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Flynn B, Worden J, Secker-Walker R, Badger G, Geller B, Costanza M. Prevention of cigarette smoking through mass media intervention and school programs. Am J Public Health. 1992;82:827–34. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.82.6.827. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Andreasen A. Marketing Social Change. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 1995. p. 7. [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Smith W. Social marketing: An evolving definition. Am J Health Behav. 2000;24(1):11–17. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.24.1.3. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Kotler P, Roberto N, Lee N. Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2002. [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Noar S. A 10-year retrospective of research in health mass media campaigns: Where do we go from here? J Health Commun. 2006;11:21–42. doi: 10.1080/10810730500461059. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Flay BR, Sobel JL. The role of mass media in preventing adolescent substance abuse. In: Glynn TJ, Leukefeld CG, Lundford JP, editors. Preventing Adolescent Drug Abuse: Intervention Strategies. 1983. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Myhre SL, Flora JA. HIV/AIDS communication campaigns: Progress and prospects. J Health Commun. 2000;5(Suppl.):29–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Centers for Disease ControlPrevention. Best Practices for Comprehensive tobacco control programs. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health; 1999. [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Farrelly MC, Niederdeppe J, Yarsevich J. Youth tobacco prevention mass media campaigns: Past, present and future directions. Tobacco Control. 2003;12(Suppl.1):i35–i47. doi: 10.1136/tc.12.suppl_1.i35. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Walton L, Pipe A. Truth, Facts & Lies: Countering the Tobacco Industry’s Arguments. 2005. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Hornik RC. Exposure: Theory and evidence about all the ways it matters. Social Marketing Q. 2002;8(3):31–37. doi: 10.1080/15245000214135. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Boulay M, Storey JD, Sood S. Indirect exposure to a family planning mass media campaign in Nepal. J Health Commun. 2002;7(5):379–99. doi: 10.1080/10810730290001774. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Hafstad A, Aaro LE. Activating interpersonal influence through provocative appeals: Evaluation of a mass media-based antismoking campaign targeting adolescents. Health Commun. 1997;9(3):253–72. doi: 10.1207/s15327027hc0903_4. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Campbell P, Hoey L, Perlman L. Sticking with my dreams: Defining and refining youth media in the 21st century. 2001. [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Miller WR, Toscova RT, Miller JH, Sanchez V. A theory-based motivational approach for reducing alcohol and drug problems in college. Health Educ Behav. 2000;27(6):744–59. doi: 10.1177/109019810002700609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES