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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2011 May 1;102(3):230–234. doi: 10.1007/BF03404903

‘Before You Teach Me, I Cannot Know’: Immigrant Women’s Barriers and Enablers With Regard to Cervical Cancer Screening Among Different Ethnolinguistic Groups in Canada

Lynda Redwood-Campbell 118,, Nancy Fowler 118, Stephanie Laryea 118, Michelle Howard 118, Janusz Kaczorowski 218
PMCID: PMC6975177  PMID: 21714325

Abstract

Objective

To describe the similarities and differences among multiple groups of immigrant women and Canadian-born women of low socio-economic status regarding barriers and enablers associated with cervical cancer screening, in order to inform core elements of a strategy that would be acceptable across multiple underscreened groups.

Method

Within a health behaviour framework, we used a qualitative explanatory multiple-case study approach consisting of focus group interviews (n=11) in Hamilton, Canada. Participants were newly immigrated (1–5 years) women and a group of Canadian-born women of low socio-economic status; all participants were in the age range 35–69 years and married. Language groups were Arabic, Cantonese, Somali, Dari (Afghanistan) and Spanish (Latin America). Two separate focus groups for each ethnolinguistic group were conducted; one in English and one in the native language. A template approach to analysis was used.

Results

All groups indicated a strong need for information on necessity of screening and on how the procedure is done. Use of a video and a group discussion format were desired strategies. Women had positive feelings about being proactive for their health even if prevention had not been the norm in their home countries. There were differences between groups with respect to preferring a female clinician, which was a higher priority than language congruence with the provider. Only Chinese and Arabic groups discussed embarrassment and modesty as barriers.

Conclusion

Addressing key knowledge gaps around cervical cancer screening through personal approaches, educational videos and invitations may be useful core strategies to remove stigma and fear around screening and improve uptake across multiple ethnic groups and in women of lower socio-economic status.

Key words: Immigrants, uterine cervical cancer, health behavior, focus groups

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