Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2006 Nov 1;97(6):489–493. doi: 10.1007/BF03405234

Factors Associated with the Use of Over-the-Counter Medications in Cases of Acute Gastroenteritis in Hamilton, Ontario

Gillian O Frosst 114,214, Shannon E Majowicz 214,314,, Victoria L Edge 214,314
PMCID: PMC6975641  PMID: 17203735

Abstract

Background

Monitoring over-the-counter (OTC) medication sales may provide an accurate, reliable way to observe trends and detect aberrations in community health status. This study assessed demographic and symptomatic factors associated with the use of OTC anti-nauseants (AN), anti-diarrheals (AD), and rehydration therapies (RT) in cases of acute gastroenteritis (GE).

Methods

Data on 351 cases of self-reported, acute GE obtained from a population-based telephone survey were analyzed. The four outcomes of interest were use of an OTC 1) AD, 2) AN, 3) RT, and 4) use of at least one of the three. The association between each factor of interest and the use of OTC treatments was assessed.

Results

Of the 351 cases, 110 (31%) used at least one OTC AD, AN, or RT for their illness. The most significantly associated factor was primary symptom group: cases with both vomiting and diarrhea were 3.6 times more likely to use at least one of the three OTC medications than cases with either vomiting or diarrhea only. Other factors associated with the use of at least one OTC were being female (OR=1.97), being 10–14 years of age (OR=11.22), and use of antacids in the 28 days prior to illness (OR=2.31).

Conclusion

This study provides the first published assessment of factors associated with the use of OTC medications by community cases |of GE. Those who use OTC medications for their illness appear to differ from those who do not. This information can inform health officials, and aid development of pharmacy-based syndromic surveillance.

MeSHterms: Gastroenteritis, antidiarrheals, fluid therapy, signs and symptoms, drugs, non-prescription

Footnotes

Acknowledgement: Financial support for this study was provided by the Public Health Agency of Canada.

References

  • 1.Majowicz SE, Edge VL, Fazil A, McNab WB, Dore KA, Sockett PN, et al. Estimating the under-reporting rate for infectious gastrointestinal illness in Ontario. Can J Public Health. 2005;96(3):178–81. doi: 10.1007/BF03403685. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Majowicz SE, Dore K, Flint JA, Edge VL, Read S, Buffett MC, et al. Magnitude and distribution of acute, self-reported gastroenteritis in a Canadian community. Epidemiol Infect. 2004;132(4):607–17. doi: 10.1017/S0950268804002353. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Health Canada. CCDR. 2003. Canadian Integrated Surveillance Report: Salmonella, Campylobacter, pathogenic E.coli and Shigella, from 1996 to 1999; p. 29S1. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Edge VL, Pollari F, Lim G, Aramini J, Sockett P, Martin SW, et al. Syndromic surveillance of gastrointestinal illness using pharmacy over-the-counter sales. A retrospective study of waterborne outbreaks in Saskatchewan and Ontario. Can J Public Health. 2004;95(6):446–50. doi: 10.1007/BF03403991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Magruder SF, Lewis SH, Najmi A, Florio E. Progress in understanding and using over-the-counter pharmaceuticals for syndromic surveillance. MMWR. 2004;53:117–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Najmi AH, Magruder SF. Estimation of hospital emergency room data using pharmaceutical sales and least mean square filters. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2004;4(1):5. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-4-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Hogan WR, Tsui FC, Ivanov O, Gesteland PH, Grannis S, Overhage JM, et al. Detection of pediatric respiratory and diarrheal outbreaks from sales of over-the-counter electrolyte products. JAMA. 2003;10(6):555–62. doi: 10.1197/jamia.M1377. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.De Wit MA, Kortbeek LM, Koopmans M d, Jager CJ, Wannet WJ, Bartelds AI, van Duynhoven YT. A comparison of gastroenteritis in a general practice-based study and a community-based study. Epidemiol Infect. 2001;127(3):389–97. doi: 10.1017/s0950268801006082. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Ruruska T, Vesikari T. Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: Use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrheal episodes. Scand J Infect Dis. 1990;22:259–67. doi: 10.3109/00365549009027046. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES