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Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2006 Jan 1;97(1):24–28. doi: 10.1007/BF03405207

Rapid Assessment Procedures in Environmental Sanitation Research

A Case Study from the Northern Border of Mexico

Enrique Cifuentes 16,, Urinda Alamo 16, Tamil Kendall 16, Joan Brunkard 26, Susan Scrimshaw 36
PMCID: PMC6975713  PMID: 16512322

Abstract

Background: There is a need to enhance the quality and sustainability of environmental health programs in Mexico. What socio-cultural factors influenced the adoption or rejection of Clean Water in Homes programs in this population? We applied rapid appraisal procedures (RAP) to evaluate these community-based programs.

Method: Qualitative study conducted in communities along Mexico’s northern border. We conducted informal dialogues, semi-structured interviews, field notes and observations. Home visits used a checklist to observe: sources of water, handwashing, as well as human waste and garbage disposal patterns.

Data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti, which facilitated comparison and illustration of discrepancies, the elaboration of emerging issues and relationships between them.

Results: Community members perceived that the Clean Water program was a top-down intervention. Water is perceived as a political issue and a matter of corruption. Inequity also limits solidarity activities involved in environmental sanitation. Migration to the United States of America (US) contributes to community fragmentation, which in turn dilutes communal efforts to improve water and sanitation infrastructure. While targeting women as program “recipients”, the Clean Water program did not take gendered spheres of decision-making into account. Community members and authorities discussed the main results in “assemblies”, particularly addressing the needs of excluded groups.

Conclusion: The oversight of not exploring community members’ needs and priorities prior to program implementation resulted in interventions that did not address the structural (economic, infrastructure) and socio-cultural barriers faced by community members to undertake the health-promoting behaviour change, and provoked resentment.

MeSH terms: Water and sanitation, Mexico-US border, qualitative research methods

Footnotes

Acknowledgements: Fundación México Estados Unidos para la Ciencia and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO, El Paso). We thank Cesar Añorve and Jennifer Hulme for assistance during initial discussions.

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