Abstract
Response to HIV and AIDS is constantly changing. One of the key components of a successful HIV and AIDS response is the consideration of gender in the programming. The Southern African AIDS Trust (SAT) is committed to gender mainstreaming within their programming at the regional, national and community levels. In order to tailor their programming to better address any gender shortcomings, SAT hosted a Gender Workshop through their School Without Walls (SWW). Results of the programme indicated that although there is a high level of ‘Gender Concepts Knowledge’ within CBOs, gender sensitization is not being implemented throughout programmes and in communities. By using a model that presents men and women as equals, sensitization is more meaningful and gender mainstreaming in programming will be more meaningful. There is still great need for broad-based gender sensitization targeting men and women, so that HIV and AIDS interventions can address all segments of society rather than having to develop separate messaging to target different sex segments.
Key words: Gender, HIV
Résumé
La riposte au sida évolue constamment, et l’un des éléments fondamentaux d’une riposte efficace est de tenir compte des spécificités sexuelles dans les programmes. La Fiducie au profit de la lutte contre le sida en Afrique australe (SAT) croit foncièrement à l’intégration de la problématique hommes-femmes dans ses programmes régionaux, nationaux et communautaires. Pour que ces programmes soient mieux en mesure de réduire les inégalités entre les sexes, l’École sans murs (ESM) du SAT a organisé un atelier sur les spécificités sexuelles qui a montré que malgré une connaissance théorique poussée des sexospécificités au sein des organismes communautaires, on ne fait pas de sensibilisation systématique sur cette question dans les programmes et les communautés. Or, l’utilisation d’un modèle qui présente les hommes et les femmes comme étant égaux donne plus de poids à la sensibilisation et facilite l’intégration de la problématique hommes-femmes dans les programmes. Il y a encore un grand besoin d’une sensibilisation généralisée, ciblant les hommes et les femmes, pour qu’ensuite on puisse adresser les mesures de lutte contre le sida à tous les segments démographiques plutôt que d’avoir à élaborer des messages distincts selon le sexe.
Mots clés: spécificités sexuelles, VIH
References
- 1.Stevens PE, Richards DJ. Narrative case analysis of HIV infection in a battered woman. Health Care Women Int. 1998;19(1):9–22. doi: 10.1080/073993398246548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Campbell JC. Health consequences of intimate partner violence. Lancet. 2002;13359(9314):1331–1336. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08336-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Cohen M, Deamant C, Barkan S, Richardson J, Young M, Holman S, et al. Domestic violence and childhood sexual abuse in HIV-infected women and women at risk for HIV. Am J Public Health. 2000;90(4):560–565. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.4.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Jewkes RK, Levin JB, Penn-Kekana LA. Gender inequalities, intimate partner violence and HIV preventive practices: Findings of a South African cross-sectional study. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(1):125–135. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00012-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Kaye D. Gender inequality and domestic violence: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention. African Health Sciences. 2004;4(1):67–70. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Turmen T. Gender and HIV/AIDS. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003;82(3):411–418. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7292(03)00202-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Dhai A, Noble R. Ethical issues in HIV. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;19(2):255–267. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.10.001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Dunkle KL, Jewkes RK, Brown HC, Gray GE, McIntryre JA, Harlow SD. Gender-based violence, relationship power, and risk of HIV infection in women attending antenatal clinics in South Africa. Lancet. 2004;363(9419):1410–1411. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16098-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Wingood GM, Diclemente RJ, Harrington KF, Lang DL, Davies SL, Hook EW, et al. Efficacy of an HIV prevention program among female adolescents experiencing gender-based violence. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(6):1085–1090. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.053595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Campbell CA. Male gender roles and sexuality: Implications for women’s AIDS risk and prevention. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(2):197–210. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00322-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Shelton AJ, Atkinson J, Risser JMH, McCurdy SA, Useche B, Padgett PM. The prevalence of partner violence in a group of HIV-infected men. AIDS Care. 2005;17(7):814–818. doi: 10.1080/09540120500100536. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.UNAIDS. Best Practice Collection. Gender and HIV/AIDS: Taking stock of research and programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS; 1999. [Google Scholar]
- 13.Duffy L. Culture and context of HIV prevention in rural Zimbabwe: The influence of gender inequality. J Transcultural Nurs. 2005;16(1):23–31. doi: 10.1177/1043659604270962. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Saul J, Moore J, Murphy ST, Miller LC. Relationship violence and women’s reactions to male-and female-controlled HIV prevention methods. AIDS Behaviour. 2004;8(2):207–214. doi: 10.1023/B:AIBE.0000030251.85854.04. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Engender Health website: https://doi.org/www.engenderhealth.org/ia/wwm/wwmo.html (Accessed August 29, 2007).
- 16.Southern African Development Community SADC. Expert Think Tank on HIV Prevention in High-Prevalence Countries in Southern Africa. Maseru Report 2006. Gaborone, Botswana: SADC; 2006. [Google Scholar]
- 17.Southern African Development Community SADC. Towards the Universal Access to HIV Prevention: SADC Strategic Action Plan (2008–2010). Draft Strategic Plan. Gaborone, Botswana: SADC; 2007. [Google Scholar]
- 18.International HIV/AIDS Alliance. A Global Conference on: Reaching Men to Improve Reproductive Health of All. Conference Report. Washington, DC: International HIV/AIDS Alliance; 2003. [Google Scholar]