Résumé
Introduction
Les infirmières assument des fonctions essentielles dans le domaine de l’immunisation au Québec, et leur rôle s’est considérablement élargi depuis janvier 2003 à la suite de modifications législatives. Toutefois, la formation reçue ne permettrait pas toujours d’assumer ce rôle pleinement. Cette étude vise donc à documenter la formation en vaccination offerte en milieu de travail aux infirmières du Québec.
Méthode
Un questionnaire postal a été envoyé aux directrices ou responsables des soins infirmiers (DSI/RSI) de 477 établissements de santé du Québec en mars 2003.
Résultats
Les établissements de santé du Québec offrent davantage de formation en cours d’emploi (68%) que lors de l’embauche des infirmières (43%). Ces pourcentages sont très variables selon le type d’établissement. Plus de 90% des centres locaux de services communautaires (CLSC) répondants offrent de la formation aux infirmières. Les indications/contre-indications des produits immunisants et les urgences liées à la vaccination sont les thèmes les plus fréquemment abordés. Seulement 38% des répondants affirment que les infirmières de leur établissement sont «très favorables» à la vaccination.
Discussion
Les CLSC du Québec, où se réalisent le plus grand nombre d’activités liées à l’immunisation, offrent presque tous de la formation sur la vaccination à leurs infirmières. Par contre, peu de centres hospitaliers (CH) et de centres d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée (CHSLD) le font. Il faudra documenter davantage l’impact d’une formation sous-optimale sur la promotion des programmes de vaccination par les infirmières.
Mots clés: vaccination, infirmières, formation, attitudes
Abstract
Introduction
Nurses carry out essential functions in the area of immunization in Québec and their role has broadened considerably since January 2003, following legislative modifications. However, the training received may not always allow nurses to fill this role satisfactorily. This study seeks to document the training in immunization offered to Québec nurses in the workplace.
Method
A questionnaire was mailed to the directors or heads of nursing care (DSI/RSI) in 477 health care establishments in Québec in March 2003.
Results
Health care establishments in Québec offer more training to nurses on the job (68%) than at the moment of hiring (43%). These percentages vary widely according to the type of establishment. More than 90% of the local community service centres (CLSC) that responded offer training to their nurses. The indications/contraindications of immunization products and emergencies related to vaccination represent the themes most frequently dealt with. Only 38% of respondents affirm that the nurses in their institution are “very favourable” to vaccination.
Discussion
Almost all Québec CLSCs, which is where most immunization activities are carried out, offer training in vaccination to their nurses. On the other hand, few hospital centres (CH) and long-term care establishments (CHSLD) do so. Further documentation should be carried out on the impact of less than optimal training on the promotion of immunization programs by nurses.
MeSH terms: Vaccination, nurses, education, attitude
Footnotes
Remerciements: Cette étude a été rendue possible grâce au financement de l’INSPQ. Les auteurs tiennent à remercier Mme Marie-Claude Guillette, secrétaire, Mme Josiane Rivard, technicienne de recherche et M. Louis Rochette, statisticien, pour la qualité de l’envoi postal, de la saisie et de l’analyse statistique, respectivement. Nous remercions également les membres du groupe de travail «L’infirmière et la vaccination» du Comité d’Immunisation du Québec. Enfin, nous tenons à remercier tout particulièrement les DSI/RSI du Québec qui ont répondu à cette enquête.
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