Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2005 Nov 1;96(6):454–458. doi: 10.1007/BF03405189

Access to Drugs for Cancer

Does Where You Live Matter?

Devidas Menon 114,214,, Tania Stafinski 114,214, Gavin Stuart 314
PMCID: PMC6976182  PMID: 16350873

Abstract

Background: Provincial governments are responsible for administering publicly-funded anti-cancer drug benefit programs in Canada. This study examines inter-provincial variations in not only the content of such programs, but also the policies/processes used when considering a new drug for coverage.

Methods: Pharmaceutical manufacturers and provincial/regional cancer boards were surveyed to identify the drugs covered by public drug benefit plans. Kappa coefficients were calculated to determine inter-provincial coverage variations. The comprehensiveness of availability of anti-cancer drugs across the country was also assessed. A semi-structured survey of all 10 provincial/regional cancer board pharmacy and therapeutics (P&T) committees was employed to examine decision-making policies/procedures. It included questions on committee composition and processes and on factors influencing decisions regarding the introduction of new drugs. Completed surveys were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques.

Results: All cancer boards and 75% of manufacturers contacted provided information on drugs covered in each province. Where lists were obtained from both sources, there was full agreement on content. Kappa values calculated ranged from -0.403 to 0.594, indicating poor to moderate agreement on anti-cancer drug coverage between provinces. Only 7 of the 115 drugs were available in all 10 provinces. Regarding decision-making processes, while ratings for both the relative importance and use of factors involved in decision-making (clinical effectiveness, patient preference, etc.) were similar across provinces, those for the relative importance and use of different information types (clinical trials, expert opinion, etc.) varied.

Conclusion: Access to anti-cancer drugs clearly varies across the country. In part, this may be due to differences in the views of P&T committees on the usefulness of information they use in their deliberations.

MeSH terms: Formularies, antineoplastic agents, Canada, decision-making

Footnotes

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by an unrestricted grant from the Merck Foundation. The authors also acknowledge Leigh-Ann Topfer, Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, for assisting in the literature search.

Parts of this work were presented at an international conference on health technology assessment, “Improving Outcomes through Health Technology Assessment”, held in Canmore, Alberta, June 22–25, 2003.

References

  • 1.Angus DE, Karpetz HM. Pharmaceutical policies in Canada. Pharmacoeconomics. 1998;14(Suppl.1):81–96. doi: 10.2165/00019053-199814001-00011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Kuttner R. The American health care system. Health insurance coverage. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:163–68. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199901143400226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Menon D. Pharmaceutical cost control in Canada. Does it work? Health Affairs. 2001;20:92–103. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.20.3.92. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Gregoire J-P, MacNeil P, Skilton K, Moisan J, Menon D, Jacobs P, et al. Inter-provincial variations in government drug formularies. Can J Public Health. 2001;92:307–12. doi: 10.1007/BF03404967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Anis AH, Daphne G, Xiao-Hua W. A dog’s breakfast: Prescription drug coverage varies widely across Canada. Medical Care. 2001;39:315–26. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200104000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Anatomical Therapeutics Chemical (ATC) Classification Index. Oslo, Norway: World Health Organization; 2000. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Health Canada Drug Product Database. Available online at: www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hpfb-dgpsa/tpd-dpt/index_drugs_dpd_e.html (Accessed on January 29, dy2003).
  • 8.Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2nd. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 1981. [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Richards M. Variations in usage of cancer drugs approved by NICE: Report of the review under-taken by the National Cancer Director. 2004. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES