Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2006 Jul 1;97(4):320–324. doi: 10.1007/BF03405613

Methamphetamine Use Among Marginalized Youth in British Columbia

Ian Martin 113,213,, Thomas M Lampinen 313,413, Doug McGhee 513
PMCID: PMC6976223  PMID: 16967754

Abstract

Background: Crystal methamphetamine (MA) is a powerful, highly addictive central nervous stimulant that can cause serious health consequences including neurotoxicity, paranoia, psychosis, depression, violence, and death. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and characteristics of MA use among two marginalized populations of youth (less than 30 years of age) in British Columbia.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of Vancouver street-involved youth (SY) and Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/ Transgender/Questioning (LGBTQ) centre youth in Vancouver and Victoria. Items measured include: participants’ demographic characteristics; illicit substance use, including details of MA use; attempts at recovery and treatment; and potential consequences of MA use.

Results: One hundred and eighty of the 200 questionnaires distributed were completed. Sixty-seven percent of the SY and 24% of the LGBTQ youth reported ever having used MA. Of these: 43% had used within the last week; 46–57% used multiple times per day in their lifetime; they spent a maximum of 7–9 consecutive days awake; they began use in their middle to late teens; and half had sought help for a substance use disorder. SY who used MA within the last week were more likely to also use marijuana, cigarettes, heroin, ecstasy, and ketamine. Previous use of MA was associated with reports of auditory hallucinations.

Conclusion: The current study demonstrates a high prevalence of MA use in two marginalized populations of youth. Use in sexual minorities, resulting psychopathology, and concurrent substance use all have important implications in delivery of service, prevention, and subsequent research.

MeSH terms: Methamphetamine; amphetamine-related disorders; psychosis, amphetamine-induced; homosexuality; questionnaires

References

  • 1.Rawson RA. Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) 1999. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Rawson RA, Anglin MD, Ling W. Will the methamphetamine problem go away? J Addict Dis. 2002;21(1):5–19. doi: 10.1300/J069v21n01_02. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Srisurapanont M, Jarusuraisin N, Kittiratanapaiboon P. Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews. 2002. Treatment for amphetamine dependence and abuse. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Vaccarino F. Neuroscience of psychoactive substance use and dependence. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future, National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2003: Volume I, Secondary School Students. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 6.May L, Katzenstein D, Liebel A, Saewyc E, Skay C. Healthy Youth Development - Highlights from the 2003 Adolescent Health Survey. Vancouver, BC: McCreary Centre Society; 2004. p. 17. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Adlaf EM, Paglia A. Drug Use Among Ontario Students 1977–2003 OSDUS HIGHLIGHTS. Toronto, ON: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; 2003. p. 25. [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Methamphetamine Deaths in B.C. Vancouver: BC Coroners Service, 2005.
  • 9.Kalant K. The Pharmacology and toxicology of “ecstasy” (MDMA) and related drugs. CMAJ. 2001;165(7):917–28. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Morris K. Concern over research reawakens ecstasy neurotoxicity debate. The Lancet. 2003;2:650. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(03)00570-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Clements K, Gleghorn A, Garcia D, Katz M, Marx R. A risk profile of street youth in Northern California: Implications for genderspecific human immunodeficiency virus prevention. J Adolesc Health. 1997;20:343–53. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00033-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Valliant GE. Section 1, Chapter 1: Natural history of addiction and pathways to recovery. In: Graham AW, Schultz TK, Mayo-Smith MF, Ries RK, editors. Principles of Addiction Medicine. Chevy Chase, MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine; 2003. [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Sekine Y, Iyo M, Ouchi Y, Matsunaga T, Tsukada H, Okada H, et al. Methamphetaminerelated psychiatric symptoms and reduced brain dopamine transporters studied with PET. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:1206–14. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Taylor C. Methamphetamine psychosis consultations by acute care psychiatry at St. Paul’s Hospital. 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Halkitis PN, Parsons JT, Stirratt MJ. A double epidemic: Crystal methamphetamine drug use in relation to HIV transmission among gay men. J Homosexuality. 2001;41(2):17–31. doi: 10.1300/J082v41n02_02. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Buxton J. Vancouver Drug Use Epidemiology. Vancouver: Canadian Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use; 2003. p. 42. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Darke S. Self-report among injecting drug users: A review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1998;51:253–63. doi: 10.1016/S0376-8716(98)00028-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Lampinen T. Vanguard Cohort of Gay Men. Vancouver: BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS; 2004. [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Trussler T, Marchand R, Barker A. Sex Now by the Numbers: A statistical guide to health planning for gay men. Vancouver: Community-Based Research Centre; 2003. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES