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. 2019 Sep 23;39(4):767–785. doi: 10.1038/s41388-019-1023-z

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — TGF-β signaling is upregulated in PLK1-driven invasive cells. a Three-dimensional culture scheme for invasive cells. b qRT-PCR was performed for CDH1, CDH2, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, and TWIST in invasive and non-invasive A549 cells expressing WT or TD-PLK1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. c Analysis of transcriptome data for gene probes with significant fold changes (>1.5) in the invasive cells expressing TD. The significant genes were categorized using the KEGG pathway. The top 20% of the 117 pathways are displayed. d Relative gene expression profile of the top five genes in invasive and non-invasive cells expressing WT and TD, respectively. e Relative gene expression profile of the targets of miRNA 3167 (ST8SIA4, TNFRSF9, PMP22, and DNAJC12) in invasive cells expressing TD. f Transcriptome comparison between the gene profiles of invasive and non-invasive A549 cells expressing TD and gene profiles of TGF-β-induced mesenchymal A549 cells (GSE 46024). The MORPHEUS program was used to visualize the expression levels of genes related to TGF-β signaling, Ras/MAPK/PI3K signaling, transcriptional factors of the EMT, ECM-adhesion, invasion, motility, vascularization, colonization, and niche in non-invasive and invasive A549 cells expressing active PLK1 (TD) and in the published transcriptome of TGF-β-treated A549 cells (GSE 46024)