Résumé
Plusieurs intoxications alimentaires dont l’origine était vraisemblablement commune sont survenues dans la région de Québec en juillet et août 1997. Lors des premiers épisodes, l’analyse de deux cohortes (A et B) révélait que la consommation d’un gâteau aux framboises (framboisier) augmentait le risque de contracter une gastro-entérite (A, RR=2,6 p=0,001, B, RR=4,7 p=0,02). Par la suite, plus de 200 personnes ont déclaré avoir été malades après avoir consommé un dessert contenant des framboises. l’analyse des ingrédients contenus dans ces desserts a démontré que des framboises fraîches provenant de la Bosnie étaient l’ingrédient le plus susceptible d’être contaminé. Des tests d’amplification génomique par PCR réalisés sur des échantillons de framboises (2) et de selles (5) ont décelé un virus de la famille des Caliciviridés. Il est important de se doter de systèmes de surveillance permettant de détecter rapidement et de limiter l’ampleur de telles éclosions.
Abstract
Several episodes of food poisoning affected the region of Quebec City in July and August 1997. In the first two episodes, the analysis of two cohorts (A and B) demonstrated that the consumption of a raspberry mousse with raspberry sauce increased the risk of contracting gastroenteritis (A, RR=2.6 p=0.001; B, RR=4.7 p=0.02). More than 200 people were sick after eating a raspberry dessert. The common ingredient of all those desserts was raspberries imported from Bosnia. Viral studies on the raspberry sauce (2) and stool samples (5) using the genome amplification method by PCR indicated the presence of genomic material compatible with a virus of the Caliciviruses family. Southern hybridization and sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequences found in the raspberry sauce and in the stool samples were identical. It is important to maintain active surveillance to detect and limit the spread of this kind of outbreak.
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