Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique logoLink to Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique
. 2000 Mar 1;91(2):129–132. doi: 10.1007/BF03404928

HIV Prevalence Remains Low Among Calgary’s Needle Exchange Program Participants

C Dale Guenter 113,, Kevin Fonseca 213, Diane M Nielsen 313, Virginia J Wheeler 313, Carolyn P Pim 313
PMCID: PMC6979831  PMID: 10832179

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the demographic characteristics, risk behaviours and prevalence of HIV-1 among injection drug users (IDU) attending Calgary’s needle exchange program (NEP).

Methods: A survey was conducted from June through September 1998 among IDU attending Calgary’s NEP. Demographic and behaviour characteristics were determined by personal interview and saliva was tested for HIV antibody.

Results: There were 278 participants providing 272 saliva specimens. Nine were positive for HIV-1 (3.3%, 95% C.I. 1.6–6.4%). Sexual and injecting practices, cities where drugs had been used, incarceration, addiction treatment and demographic characteristics were described, and a subanalysis for women, youth and Aboriginals was carried out.

Conclusions: HIV prevalence remains low among NEP attenders in Calgary, although high-risk behaviours are common. Women, youth and Aboriginals have unique risk behaviour profiles. Many IDU want to participate in addiction treatment, and strategies should be made to provide accessible, appropriate treatment services.

References

  • 1.National Task Force on HIV and Injection Drug Use. HIV, AIDS and Injection Drug Use. A National Action Plan. Ottawa: Canadian Centre of Substance Abuse and the Canadian Public Health Association; 1997. [Google Scholar]
  • 2.‘Safeworks’ Injection Drug Use EducationPrevention Program. Evaluation Report for 1998. Calgary: Calgary Regional Health Authority; 1998. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Archibald CP, Remis RS, Farley J, Sutherland D. Estimating HIV prevalence and incidence at the national level: Combining direct and indirect methods with the Monte-Carlo simulation. 1998. [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Elnitsky S, Abernathy T. Calgary’s needle exchange program: Profile of injection drug users. Can J Public Health. 1993;84:177–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Strathdee SA, Patrick DM, Currie SL, et al. Needle exchange is not enough: Lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use study. AIDS. 1997;11:F9–F65. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199708000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Bruneau J, Lamothe F, Franco E, et al. High rate of HIV infection among injection drug users participating in needle exchange programs in Montreal: Results of a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:994–1002. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009240. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Frerichs RR, Siarug N, Eskes N, et al. Salivabased antibody testing in Thailand. AIDS. 1994;8:885–94. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199407000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Gallo D, George RJ, Fitchen JH, et al. Evaluation of a system using oral mucosal transudate for HIV-1 antibody screening and confirmatory testing. JAMA. 1997;277:254–58. doi: 10.1001/jama.1997.03540270080030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Fonseca K, Anand CM. Predicting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Positive sera by using two enzyme immunoassay kits in a parallel testing format. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:2507–12. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.11.2507-2512.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Jacobs P, Calder P, Taylor M, et al. Cost effectiveness of Streetworks’ Needle Exchange Program of Edmonton. Can J Public Health. 1999;90:168–71. doi: 10.1007/BF03404500. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique are provided here courtesy of Springer

RESOURCES