Résumé
Parmi les facteurs de risque évitables associés au faible poids à la naissance et à la prématurité, le tabagisme demeure le facteur le plus fréquemment cité. Une étude a été réalisée dans un centre hospitalier du Québec afin de connaître la prévalence du tabagisme chez les femmes enceintes ainsi que l’exposition au tabagisme passif à domicile et au travail. L’enquête a été menée de 1997 à 1998.
Le pourcentage de femmes qui fumaient avant la grossesse se situe à 40,2 %; alors que celui des femmes qui ont fumé pendant la grossesse est de 37,3 %. L’analyse des caractéristiques des femmes enceintes fumeuses et non-fumeuses montre l’existence de fortes variations selon l’âge, la scolarité, le statut matrimonial et le revenu. Le risque relatif lié au tabagisme est de 1,54 pour la prématurité et de 2,21 pour le petit poids à la naissance.
Abstract
Among the risk factors inevitably associated with low birthweights and premature births, tobacco remains the factor most often cited. From 1997 to 1998, a study was conducted in a Quebec City hospital centre in order to determine the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women as well as their exposure to passive smoking at home and at work.
The percentage of women who smoke before pregnancy is 40.2%, while that of women who smoke during pregnancy is 37.3%. The analysis of characteristics of pregnant women who smoke and do not smoke shows strong variations according to age, education, matrimonial status and income. The relative risk linked to smoking is 1.54 for premature birth and 2.21 for low birthweight.
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