Fig. 3.

The expression of TNF-α and PS1/2 is progressively upregulated during the course of AD development. (A) The production of TNF-α in the CSF of APP/PS1 mice was determined by ELISA. (B) The PS1 and PS2 mRNA and protein levels were determined by Western blots and qRT-PCR. (C) The immunoreactivities of PS1 and PS2 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 6-month-old APP/PS1 and COX-2/APP/PS1 mice were determined by immunohistochemistry using an anti-PS1 or PS2 antibody, respectively. (D) The cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mouse brains were double-stained with PS1/2 (red) and NeuN (green) antibody before observation using confocal microscopy. The data are represented as the means ± S.E. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 with respect to the 3-month-old APP/PS1 mice. #p < 0.05; ##p < 0.01; ###p < 0.001 compared with 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice (n = 6)