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. 2017 Dec 22;15(12):e05141. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5141

Avian influenza overview September – November 2017

European Food Safety Authority; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza, Ian Brown, Thijs Kuiken, Paolo Mulatti, Krzysztof Smietanka, Christoph Staubach, David Stroud, Ole Roland Therkildsen, Preben Willeberg, Francesca Baldinelli, Frank Verdonck, Cornelia Adlhoch
PMCID: PMC7010192  PMID: 32625395

Abstract

Between 1 September and 15 November 2017, 48 A(H5N8) highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry holdings and 9 H5 HPAI wild bird events were reported within Europe. A second epidemic HPAI A(H5N8) wave started in Italy on the third week of July and is still ongoing on 15 November 2017. The Italian epidemiological investigations indicated that sharing of vehicles, sharing of personnel and close proximity to infected holdings are the more likely sources of secondary spread in a densely populated poultry area. Despite the ongoing human exposures to infected poultry during the outbreaks, no transmission to humans has been identified in the EU. The report includes an update of the list of wild bird target species for passive surveillance activities that is based on reported AI‐infected wild birds since 2006. The purpose of this list is to provide information on which bird species to focus in order to achieve the most effective testing of dead birds for detection of H5 HPAI viruses. Monitoring the avian influenza situation in other continents revealed the same risks as in the previous report (October 2016‐August 2017): the recent human case of HPAI A(H5N6) in China underlines the continuing threat of this avian influenza virus to human health and possible introduction via migratory wild birds into Europe. Close monitoring is required of the situation in Africa with regards to HPAI of the subtypes A(H5N1) and A(H5N8), given the rapidity of the evolution and the uncertainty on the geographical distribution of these viruses. Interactions between EFSA and member states have taken place to initiate discussions on improving the quality of data collections and to find a step‐wise approach to exchange relevant (denominator) data without causing an additional resource burden.

Keywords: avian influenza, HPAI/LPAI, monitoring, poultry, captive birds, wild birds, humans

Supporting information

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HA gene.

Click here for additional data file. (33.5KB, pdf)

Suggested citation: EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) , ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) , EURL (European Reference Laboratory on Avian Influenza) , Brown I, Kuiken T, Mulatti P, Smietanka K, Staubach C, Stroud D, Therkildsen OR, Willeberg P, Baldinelli F, Verdonck F and Adlhoch C, 2017. Scientific report: Avian influenza overview September – November 2017. EFSA Journal 2017;15(12):5141, 70 pp. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5141

Requestor: European Commission

Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2017‐00649

Competing interests: In line with EFSA's policy on declarations of interest, the following working group (WG) experts: Ian Brown, Paolo Mulatti, Krzysztof Smietanka and Christoph Staubach, have declared that they have current involvement in risk assessment activities at national level related to avian influenza, which constitutes a conflict of interest (CoI) with the mandate of the EFSA WG in hand. The CoIs have been waived and the waivers were adopted in accordance with Article 16(5) of the Decision of the Executive Director on Declarations of Interest of 31 July 2017 EFSA/LRA/DEC/02/2014, available at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/corporate_publications/files/independencerules2014.pdf. Pursuant to Article 16(7) of the above mentioned Decision, the concerned experts were allowed to take part in the discussions and in the drafting phase of the EFSA Scientific report on Avian influenza monitoring (Art. 31) ‐ overview October 2016 – August 2017, and have not been allowed to be, or act as, a chairman, a vice‐chairman or rapporteur of the WG.

Acknowledgements: in addition to the listed authors, EFSA, ECDC and the EURL wish to thank the following: Kaja Kaasik Aaslav, Epidemic Intelligence team at ECDC and Pasi Penttinen, Head of the Disease Programme Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses for the support provided to this scientific output; Members States representatives that provided the data on AI outbreaks, animal population and/or wrote case reports for this scientific output: Italy (Anna Sorgente, Alessandra Azzolini, Lebana Bonfanti, Giovanni Cunial, Diletta Fornasiero, Stefano Marangon); Dominique Bicout and Arjan Stegeman for reviewing the document.

Figures from 1 to 6 and Table 1 © EURL; Figures from 7 to 14 © EFSA; Figures 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 © Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Institut (FLI); Figures 16, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28 and Table 3 © ECDC.

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Supplementary Materials

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HA gene.

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