Figure 1.

Overview of various medical applications of liver-on-a-chip and liver-disease-on-a-chip systems. These systems can be used to discover new drugs, study their biotransformation, and test their toxicities. Chips provide a means to study the mechanisms and progression of liver diseases in vitro and to test drugs to inhibit or treat them. Chips, where the patients’ own cells are incorporated, can also be used for personalized medicine to generate models for individualized treatment testing.