Table 3.
Autophagy-regulating miRNAs and their effects on anti-cancer treatments.
| MiRNAs | Target Gene(s) | Cancer Type | Effect of MiRNAs | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-23-3p | ATG12, HMGB2 | Gastric cancer | Over-expression of miR-23-3p leads to the enhanced efficacy of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and vincristine in drug-resistant cells | [90] |
| miR-26-5p | ULK1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Over-expression of miR-26-5p promotes doxorubicin-induced apoptosis | [91] |
| miR-34-5p | HMGB1 | Retinoblastoma | Reconstitution of miR-34-5p enhances cell death following treatment of etoposide, vincristine, and carboplatin | [92] |
| miR-101-3p | RAB5A, STMN1, ATG4D | Hepatocellular carcinoma, Breast cancer | Up-regulation of miR-101-3p increases cisplatin- and 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer cells, respectively | [93,94] |
| miR-129-3p | MTOR | Hepatocellular carcinoma, Gastric cancer | Silencing of miR-129-3p escalates the efficiency of Trichostatin A | [87] |
| miR-137-3p | ATG5 | Pancreatic cancer | Elevated miR-137-3p levels enhances the effects of doxorubicin on growth inhibition and apoptosis | [95] |
| miR-140-5p | HMGN5 | Osteosarcoma | Reconstitution of miR-140-5p sensitizes cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate | [96] |
| miR-142-3p | ATG5, ATG16L1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Reconstitution of miR-142-3p enhances the cytotoxicity of sorafenib | [97] |
| miR-148-3p | RAB12 | Gastric cancer | Up-regulation of miR-148-3p reverses cisplatin resistance | [89] |
| miR-152-3p | ATG14 | Ovarian cancer | Over-expression of miR-152-3p sensitizes cisplatin-resistant cells toward cisplatin via enhancing cell death and inhibiting cell growth | [98] |
| miR-214-3p | ATG12 | Colorectal cancer | Down-regulation of miR-214-3p induces radioresistance | [99] |
| miR-224-3p | ATG5 | Glioblastoma, Astrocytoma | Over-expression of miR-224-3p enhances the efficacy of temozolomide with increased apoptosis induction | [100] |
| miR-409-3p | BECLIN1 | Colorectal cancer | Replacement of miR-409-3p sensitizes resistant cancer cells to oxaliplatin | [101] |
| miR-410-3p | HMGB1 | Pancreatic cancer | Over-expression of miR-410-3p improves gemcitabine-induced cell death and growth inhibition in drug-resistant cells | [102] |
| miR-520-3p | ATG7 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Replacement of miR-520-3p increases the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to doxorubicin by enhancing cell death and growth inhibition | [103] |
| miR-874-3p | ATG16L1 | Gastric cancer | Restoration of miR-874-3p sensitizes cells to 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin | [104] |