Octyl gallate (OG) induces apoptosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. (A) Cytotoxic assessment of OG in PANC-1, AsPC-1, and Panc 02 cells. Cell viability curves were determined by MTT assays after OG treatment for 72 h, and IC50 values for each cell line were assessed using GraphPad PRISM v 5.01 software. (B) FITC-annexin V and PI double-staining flow cytometric analyses of the PANC-1, AsPC-1, and Panc 02 cells upon 48-h treatment of control dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (CTRL) or OG (116.1, 130.5, and 10.3 μM for PANC-1, AsPC-1, and Panc 02 cells, respectively). Quantitative data are the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments.