Figure 4.

Exogenous visfatin treatment increases the senescence of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). hDPCs were incubated with visfatin (500 ng/mL) for 24 h. (a) Representative image of senescence-associated (SA)-β-galactosidase staining. Scale bar: 200 μm. (b) Quantification of the percentage of SA-β-galactosidase positively stained cells. (c) Western blot analysis for detecting p53 and p21 proteins. α-Tubulin was used as the loading control. (d) Densitometric analysis for assessing relative p21 protein levels normalized to α-Tubulin protein levels. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.