Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population by quartiles of pasta consumption expressed as (g/1000 Kcal).
| Quartile 1 (n = 640) |
Quartile 2 (n = 641) |
Quartile 3 (n = 641) |
Quartile 4 (n = 640) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pasta consumption (g/1000 Kcal) | 7.5 ± 4.4 (0.0–15.8) |
19.4 ± 4.2 (15.9–27.4) |
30.8 ± 5.0 (27.5–41.1) |
52.4 ± 14.0 (41.2–120.0) |
|
| Age (years) | 62.0 ± 6.5 | 62.3 ± 6.5 | 62.0 ± 6.5 | 62.1 ± 6.4 | 0.842 |
| Diabetes Duration (years) | 8.5 ± 5.8 | 8.3 ± 5.4 | 8.7 ± 6.0 | 8.5 ± 5.6 | 0.658 |
| Smoking status (%) a | |||||
| Current Smokers | 125 (19.5) | 114 (17.8) | 97 (15.1) | 106 (16.6) | 0.339 |
| Educational status (%) | |||||
| None | 194 (30.4) | 197 (30.7) | 180 (28.1) | 218 (34.1) | 0.204 |
| Primary | 226 (35.4) | 248 (38.6) | 250 (39.0) | 231 (36.1) | |
| Secondary | 185 (29.0) | 160 (24.9) | 174 (27.1) | 169 (26.4) | |
| University | 34 (5.3) | 36 (5.8) | 37 (5.8) | 22 (3.4) | |
| Geographical area (%) | |||||
| North | 224 (34.9) | 216 (33.8) | 218 (34.0) | 233 (36.4) | 0.681 |
| Center | 156 (24.6) | 182 (28.3) | 176 (27.5) | 159 (24.8) | |
| South | 260 (40.5) | 243 (37.9) | 247 (38.5) | 248 (38.8) | |
a Subjects were classified as “current smokers” if they smoked five or more cigarettes/day.