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. 2020 Jan 3;12(1):56. doi: 10.3390/v12010056

Figure 2.

Figure 2

A model on the roles of the ATP produced locally in VROs in TBSV replication. Top: The early phase of replication: The newly synthesized TBSV p33 (master regulator, black circle) and p92 (RdRp, red oval) replication proteins recruit the viral (+)RNA for the pre-assembly and assembly of the membrane-bound viral replicase complex (VRC, represented by a vesicle-like structure). The co-opted glycolytic GAPDH, Pgk1, and PK and the Adh1 and Pdc1 fermentation enzymes are shown. The co-opted Hsp70 drives the pre-assembly of the VRC and the activation of the p92 RdRp in an ATP-driven manner. The ATP-dependent co-opted Ded1 and RH2/5 DEAD-box RNA helicases promote viral (+)RNA synthesis using the dsRNA replication intermediate as shown. The co-opted GAPDH has an RNA chaperone function during (+)RNA synthesis, as discussed in the text. Note, this is not the complete list of characterized host factors for TBSV [7]. The putative role of ATP in virus particle assembly is also shown.