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(A) TEM image of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CQDs) (insert: local lattice amplification of single N-CQDs); (B) the FT-IR spectrum of N-CQDs; (C) the full-scale X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of N-CQDs; (D) N1s and (E) C1s spectra of N-CQDs.
