Table 2.
Top drug identified by querying CREEDS that may reverse the aging DEGs in the turquoiseold module for adipose tissue
| Drug | Direction# | Unique** | Data* | Possible effects | Evidence## (PMID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| amoxicillin | opposite | Y | M | ||
| ascorbic acid | opposite | Y | M | Reduces blood glucose | + (22242019) (Dakhale et al. 2011); − (24,757,251, 18,160,753, 29,862,091) (Vasudevan and Hirsch 2014; Afkhami-Ardekani and Shojaoddiny-Ardekani 2007; Sharma et al. 2018); Δ (19580823) (Shibamura et al. 2009) |
| Baclofen | opposite | Y | A | Increases brown fat thermogenesis, body weight reduction | + (3,748,315, 20,930,428) (Addae et al. 1986; Arima and Oiso 2010); − (30688773) (Triplett et al. 2019) |
| cis-9, trans-11 CLA (conjugated linoleic) | opposite | A | Reduces body fat mass | + (11110851) (Blankson et al. 2000). | |
| clofibrate | opposite | A | Lipid-lowering, extends C elegans lifespan | Δ(23603800) (Brandstadt et al. 2013) | |
| cyclosporine A | opposite | Y | A | Extends C elegans lifespan | + (24134630) (Ye et al. 2014); − (26787364) (Pottecher et al. 2016) |
| dexamethasone | opposite | M | Anti-inflammatory, extends glucose sensor | + (19885112) (Klueh et al. 2007); − (30927408) (Martin et al. 2019) | |
| diisononyl phthalate | opposite | A | |||
| dioctyl phthalate | opposite | A | |||
| episesamin | opposite | Y | A | Increases mitochondrial activity, antioxidant | + (30,840,309, 31,150,685) (Le et al. 2019; Farbood et al. 2019) |
| equilin | opposite | A | |||
| eribulin | #inconsistent | Y | A | ||
| FA | #inconsistent | Y | A | Oxidative stress resistance | Δ(26546011) (Rathor et al. 2015) |
| GW3965 | #inconsistent | A | Liver X receptor agonist | + (27057732) (Sandoval-Hernandez et al. 2016); − (23,765,184) (Pettersson et al. 2013) | |
| hydrogen peroxide | opposite | Y | M | Extends lifespan | + (8138188) (Ku et al. 1993); − (15298493) (Watt et al. 2004) |
| lactobacillus brevis | opposite | Y | A | ||
| MEK inhibitor U0126 | #inconsistent | Y | A | ||
| oleic acid | opposite | Y | A | Increases insulin sensitivity | + (26055507) (Perdomo et al. 2015) |
| paclitaxel | #inconsistent | Y | A | ||
| parathyroid hormone | opposite | A | Induces lipolysis | + (3598394) (Taniguchi et al. 1987) | |
| perfluorooctanoic acid | opposite | Y | M | ||
| phosgene | opposite | M | |||
| pioglitazone | opposite | Y | M | Treats type 2 diabetes with anti-aging properties | + (17628757) (Jafari et al. 2007) |
| plx4720 | #inconsistent | Y | A | ||
| resveratrol | #inconsistent | M | Extends lifespan | Δ(16461283) (Valenzano et al. 2006) | |
| rosiglitazone | #inconsistent | M | Treats type 2 diabetes, bone loss | + (20971975) (Millar et al. 2011); − (17332064) (Lazarenko et al. 2007) | |
| stearic acid | opposite | A | Can be converted to oleic acid | + (27717956) (Han et al. 2017) | |
| trichloroethylene | opposite | M | |||
| troglitazone | #inconsistent | M | Previously used for diabetes, liver toxicity | + (15793255) (Knowler et al. 2005); − (31294483) (Jia et al. 2019) | |
| ubiquinol | #inconsistent | M | Antioxidant | Δ(19428456) (Yang et al. 2009) | |
| WY-14643 | opposite | A | Accelerates mitochondrial biogenesis | + (16204368) (Bogacka et al. 2005) |
#The direction of compound-induced signature compared with the aging DEG direction: opposite, #inconsistent (drug shows different direction in different methods)
**Compounds identified using turquoise module DEGs but not using all aging DEGs
*M- manually curated drug signatures; A- automatically curated signatures
##Evidence: Δ indicates that drug is in DrugAge build 3; ± indicates the drug has positive/negative evidence, respectively; Representative PubMed IDs are listed for either + or - evidence