Fig. 6.

Cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of D3-5 enhances mucin production. a, b Cell wall fraction of D3-5 containing LTA increased mRNA expression of Muc2 (a) and production of mucin (PAS staining indicated in blue) in the mouse intestinal goblet cell line CMT93 cells (b). c, d D3-5 cell wall derived LTA (200 μg/ml) increased both Muc2 mRNA (c) and mucin production (d) compared to peptidoglycan (PGN)-enriched fraction. All the assays were performed in triplicate and were repeated at least two to three times. Values are mean of replicates and repeated batches ± SEM (error bars). Statistically significant (p values < 0.05) was obtained using Student’s t test and/or ANOVA. Values with *p < 0.05, are statistically significant. ns: not significant