Table 2.
Clinical, radiological and pathological features of patients responsive and resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues (SSAs)
| Patients responsive to first-generation SSAs | Patients resistant to first-generation SSAs | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| M/F | 6/8 | 5/21 | 0.1 |
| Median age at diagnosis, years (IQR) | 47.5 (28.2) | 37 (13.5) | 0.01 |
| Median GH at diagnosis, ng/ml (IQR) | 24.5 (69.7) | 23.2 (40.3) | 0.3 |
| Median IGF1 × ULN at diagnosis (IQR) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.3) | 0.3 |
| Tumour size | |||
| Macroadenoma/microadenoma | 13/1 | 26/0 | 0.2 |
| Cavernous sinus invasion | |||
| No | 14 | 14 | 0.001 |
| Single sinus | 0 | 10 | |
| Both sinuses | 0 | 2 | |
| Knosp right cavernous sinus | |||
| Grade 3 | 0 | 2 | NA |
| Grade 4 | 0 | 2 | |
| Knosp left cavernous sinus | |||
| Grade 3 | 0 | 7 | NA |
| Grade 4 | 0 | 5 | |
| Median GH after pituitary surgery, ng/ml (IQR) | 4.6 (4.6) | 4.1 (7.4) | 0.6 |
| Median IGF1 × ULN after pituitary surgery (IQR) | 1.5 (2.2) | 1.4 (0.7) | 0.9 |
| Cytokeratin pattern | |||
| Densely granulated or intermediate features | 9 | 11 | 0.36 |
| Sparsely granulated | 5 | 14 | |
| Negative | 0 | 1 | |
| Median Ki-67, % (IQR) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.01 |
| Median CD8 + lymphocytes/HPF (IQR) | 2.4 (2.9) | 1 (2.4) | 0.005 |
| Median CD68 + macrophages/HPF (IQR) | 7.8 (12) | 4.4 (8) | 0.9 |
| Median endocan expression in tumour cells, H-score (IQR) | 100 (112) | 100 (90) | 0.6 |
| Endocan expression in endothelial cells | |||
| Positive/negative | 4/10 | 9/17 | 0.4 |
ULN upper limit of normal, NA not applicable, HPF high-power field