Abstract
This data article presents the diversity of flora and selected fauna in Tasik Kenyir, Malaysia. This man-made lake once suffered huge loss of biodiversity for allowing an earth-dam construction during 1980s. Series of publications on different types of target taxa have been published separately after the post-dam construction. A biodiversity assessment was conducted in Tasik Kenyir from March 2015 until February 2016. The one year assessment were compiled with the previous published data to document and updated the biodiversity checklist in the lake. The data show that Tasik Kenyir is occupied by 113 tree species, 217 butterfly species, 35 bee species, 26 reptile species, 267 aves species and 153 mammal species. The micro-climate data was downloaded from the Malaysian Meteorological Department and analysed in R Studio to highlight the relationship between climate data and biodiversity data.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Climate change, Tropical rain forest, Insects, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals, Terengganu
Specifications table
Subject | Ecology, Evolution, Behaviour and Systematics |
---|---|
Specific subject area | Biodiversity and Micro-climate relation to ecology behaviour |
Type of data | Table Chart Graph |
How data were acquired | Flora and fauna data were obtained throughout 12 months field sampling and analysed using the R software. Micro-climate profile was downloaded from the Malaysian Meteorological Department (http://www.met.gov.my/). The instrument used for data sampling varied from trapping, transect monitoring and bioacoustics. |
Data format | Raw Semi-Analysed |
Parameters for data collection | Random forest plot with 25 m x 25 m subplots were established. Bait trapping and modified Pennsylvanian light trapping were set up randomly in the forested area. Aerial netting and visual encounter survey (VES) were conducted along 1 km sampling transect. Pitfall trap with 5 m aluminium fencing were installed near to the water bodies. Mist netting (2.6 m x 10 m) and four-bank harp trapping were placed at presumable bat flyway, less cluttered area and water bodies. Cage trapping was deployed at the ground level. |
Description of data collection | Descriptive abundance by pool per taxa and ecosystem services. The diversity estimations using Shannon and Simpson Indices for collected taxa in Tasik Kenyir area based on the mentioned parameters in 12 month period. The species recorded list then was compared to International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List (IUCN Red List) database to determine the exact status of species in Tasik Kenyir and the exact species in the world. |
Data source location | Institution: Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu City/Town/Region: Tasik Kenyir, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu Country: Malaysia Latitude and Longitude for collected sample 1. Belukar Bukit (04° 53′ 25.362″ N, 102° 59′ 33.506″ E) 2. Sekayu Waterfall (04° 57′ 59.01″ N, 102° 57′ 16.435″ E) 3. Kampung Kemat (05° 00′ 52.158″ N, 102° 57′ 10.409″ E) 4. Tanjung Mentong (05° 00′ 39.508″ N, 102° 42′ 13.52″ E) 5. Saok Waterfall (05° 04.985′ N, 102° 46.734′ E) 6. Sungai Buweh Waterfall (05° 08′ 52.58″ N, 102° 46′ 00.20″ E) 7. Hulu Telemong (05°13′48″ N, 102° 50′ 8.88″ E) 8. Sungai Deka (05° 02′ 8″ N, 102° 33′ 54"E) |
Data accessibility | Data are available with the article |
Value of the Data
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1. Data description
The data presented in this article were primary and secondary data on selected wildlife taxa, namely, insecta (bees and butterflies), herpetofauna (reptiles), aves and small mammals in Tasik Kenyir dipterocarp forest. Data collected was paired with basic climatology data to evaluate and correlate between sensitive biological responses with climate factors. Detailed taxa checklist consists of number of species found in each and every taxa could be found in the supplementary material table deposited in excel format with this article.
The biodiversity assessment on flora and selected fauna taxa which are insect (butterflies and bees), reptiles, aves and small mammals has been carried out from March 2015 until February 2016 in Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu (Table 1). Tasik Kenyir is the largest man-made lake in Southeast Asia which covers an area 260 km2. The lake was established as a result of the implementation of earth-dam construction in 1980s.
Table 1.
List of sampling sites in Tasik Kenyir with coordinates and sampling period.
Sampling site | Coordinate | Sampling period | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Belukar Bukit | 04° 53′ 25.362″ N | 15 to 21 May, 2015 |
102° 59′ 33.506″ E | 25 September to 2 October, 2015 | ||
2 | Sekayu Waterfall | 04° 57′ 59.01″ N | 21 to 27 June, 2015 |
102° 57′ 16.435″ E | 17 to 24 October, 2015 | ||
3 | Kampung Kemat | 05° 00′ 52.158″ N | 3 to 10 November, 2015 |
102° 57′ 10.409″ E | 25 to 1 February, 2015 | ||
4 | Tanjung Mentong | 05° 00′ 39.508″ N | 7 to 13 March, 2015 |
102° 42′ 13.52″ E | |||
5 | Saok Waterfall | 05° 04.985′ N | 23 to 29 February, 2016 |
102° 46.734′ E | |||
6 | Sungai Buweh Waterfall | 05° 08′ 52.58″ N | 19 to 23 January, 2015 |
102° 46′ 00.20″ E | 20 to 26 April, 2015 | ||
24 to 30 August, 2015 | |||
7 | Hulu Telemong | 05°13′48″ N | 26 July 01 August, 2015 |
102° 50′ 8.88″ E | |||
8 | Sungai Deka | 05° 02′ 8″ N | 9 to 12 February, 2015 |
102° 33′ 54"E |
Part of the data specifically plant [1], butterflies [1,2], bees [1,2], reptiles, aves [[3], [4], [5]] and small mammals [1,[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]] have been published separately. Thus, these published data were combined with unpublished data to document and update the biodiversity checklist in Tasik Kenyir. This data recorded 113 tree species, 217 butterfly species, 35 bee species, 26 reptile species, 267 aves species and 153 mammal species (Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8). Out of these species checklist, 20 species were listed as threatened (endangered [EN], critically endangered [CR]) based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (Table 2; Fig. 1). This data highlight the presence of Sumatran rhino, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis in Kenyir area during 1990s. However, this species was believed to locally extinct since 2000s. Presently, D. sumatrensis has been declared extinct in Malaysia after the death of a last standing male and female rhino in May and November 2019, respectively.
Table 2.
Summary of updated flora and fauna checklist in Tasik Kenyir. The species checklists were tabulated in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, Table 8.
Taxon | Family | Species | Threatened (EN & CR) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flora | Plant | 38 | 113 | 2 |
Fauna | Butterfly | 6 | 217 | |
Bee | 3 | 35 | ||
Reptile | 7 | 26 | 1 | |
Bird | 46 | 265 | 6 | |
Mammal | 34 | 153 | 11 |
EN- Endangered, CR- Critically Endangered.
Table 3.
Updated taxonomic checklist of plants in Tasik Kenyir [1].
Species | Common name | IUCN List | |
---|---|---|---|
Celastraceae | |||
1 | Bhesa sp. | ||
Alangiaceae | |||
2 | Alangium griffithii | NE | |
Anisophylleaceae | |||
3 | Anisophyllea curtisii | VU | |
4 | Anisophyllea disticha | LC | |
5 | Anisophyllea grandis | VU | |
Dilleniaceae | |||
6 | Dillenia grandifolia | DD | |
Ebenaceae | |||
7 | Diospyros sp. | ||
Lecythidaceae | |||
8 | Barringtonia sp. | ||
Myrsinaceae | |||
9 | Ardisia breviramea | DD | |
Sapotaceae | |||
10 | Ganua motleyana | DD | |
11 | Madhuca sp. | ||
12 | Pouteria malaccensis | NT | |
Fabaceae | |||
13 | Cynometra malaccensis | NT | |
14 | Ormosia sp. | ||
15 | Parkia speciosa | DD | |
16 | Saraca declinata | DD | |
17 | Saraca thaipingensis | DD | |
Leguminosae | |||
18 | Dialium sp. | ||
Polygalaceae | |||
19 | Xanthophyllum affine | ||
20 | Xanthophyllum griffithii | LC | |
21 | Xanthophyllum sp. 1 | ||
22 | Xanthophyllum sp. 2 | ||
Fagaceae | |||
23 | Castanopsis sp. | ||
24 | Lithocarpus lucidus | DD | |
25 | Lithocarpus sp. | ||
Apocynaceae | |||
26 | Kopsia sp. | ||
Rubiaceae | |||
27 | Diplospora malaccensis | Gading-gading | NE |
28 | Ixora sp. | ||
29 | Urophyllum trifurcum | NE | |
Verbenaceae | |||
30 | Vitex pinnata | Leban Tanduk | LC |
31 | Vitex vestita | Leban Hutan | LC |
Lauraceae | |||
32 | Actinodaphne glomerata | Medang Serai | NE |
Dehassia sp. | |||
34 | Litsea sp. 1 | ||
35 | Litsea sp. 2 | ||
Annonaceae | |||
36 | Alphonsea sp. | ||
37 | Goniothalamus sp. | ||
38 | Monocarpia marginalis | Mempisang | NE |
39 | Polyalthia sp. | ||
40 | Xylopia sp. | ||
Myristicaceae | |||
41 | Horsefieldia sp. | ||
42 | Knema hookeriana | VU | |
43 | Knema sp. 1 | ||
44 | Knema sp. 2 | ||
45 | Myristica sp. | ||
46 | Pimelodendron griffithianum | Perah Ikan | NE |
47 | Pimelodendron sp. | ||
Calophyllaceae | |||
48 | Mesua lepidota | DD | |
Clusiaceae | |||
49 | Garcinia sp. 1 | ||
50 | Garcinia sp. 2 | ||
Euphorbiaceae | |||
51 | Antidesma sp. 1 | ||
52 | Aporosa globifera | NE | |
53 | Croton argyratus | Hamba Raja | NE |
54 | Croton laevifolius | Hujan Panas | NE |
55 | Drypetes pendula | Lidah Lidah | NE |
56 | Drypetes sp. | ||
57 | Elateriospermum tapos | Perah | NE |
58 | Endospermum diadenum | NE | |
59 | Galeria sp. | ||
60 | Macaranga gigantea | Mahang Gajah | LC |
61 | Macaranga sp. 1 | Mahang | |
62 | Macaranga sp. 2 | Mahang | |
63 | Macaranga triloba | Mahang Merah | NE |
Phyllanthaceae | |||
64 | Antidesma sp. 1 | ||
65 | Baccaurea parviflora | Asam Tambun | NE |
66 | Baccaurea racemosa | Setambun | NE |
67 | Baccaurea sp. 1 | ||
68 | Glochidion sp. 2 | ||
69 | Glochidion superbum | Ubah Ubah | NE |
70 | Richeriella malayana | NE | |
Violaceae | |||
71 | Rinorea anguifera | Pacat Kenyang | |
72 | Rinorea horneri | LC | |
73 | Rinorea javanica | NE | |
74 | Rinorea longiracemosa | NE | |
75 | Rinorea sp. | ||
Dipterocarpaceae | |||
76 | Dipterocarpus grandiflorus | Keruing Belimbing | EN |
77 | Dipterocarpus kunstleri | Keruing Gombang Merah | CR |
78 | Hopea dyeri | Merawan Palit | NE |
79 | Shorea leprosula | Meranti Tembaga | NT |
80 | Shorea sp. 1 | Meranti | |
81 | Shorea sp. 2 | Meranti | |
82 | Shorea sp. 3 | Meranti | |
Sterculiaceae | |||
83 | Pterospermum sp. | Bayur | VU |
84 | Scaphium linearicarpum | Kembang Semangkuk Bulat | NE |
Thymelaceae | |||
85 | Aquilaria sp. | Agarwood | |
Tiliaceae | |||
86 | Pentace curtisii | Melunak Bukit | NT |
87 | Pentace grandiflora | DD | |
Myrtaceae | |||
88 | Syzygium griffithii | Kelat | NE |
89 | Syzygium politum | NE | |
90 | Syzygium polyalthium | NE | |
91 | Syzygium sp. 1 | ||
92 | Syzygium sp. 2 | ||
93 | Syzygium sp. 3 | ||
Cannabaceae | |||
94 | Gironniera sp. | ||
95 | Gironniera subequalis | LC | |
Moraceae | |||
96 | Artocarpus sp. | Wild Jack Fruit | |
Rosaceae | |||
97 | Parinari sp. | ||
Olacaceae | |||
98 | Ochanostachys amentacea | DD | |
99 | Scorodocarpus borneensis | Kulim | DD |
Anacardiaceae | |||
100 | Bouea oppositifolia | Kundang Rumania | NE |
101 | Swintonia schwenkii | Merpauh Riang | NE |
102 | Swintonia sp. | Merpauh | |
Burseraceae | |||
103 | Canarium littorale | Kedondong Bulan | LC |
Meliaceae | |||
104 | Aglaia sp. 1 | ||
105 | Aglaia sp. 2 | ||
106 | Aglaia sp. 3 | ||
107 | Aglaia sp. 4 | ||
Sapindaceae | |||
108 | Pometia pinnata | Kasai | NE |
109 | Xerospermum sp. | Rambutan | NE |
Theaceae | |||
110 | Pyrenaria acuminata | LC | |
Flacourtiaceae | |||
111 | Hydnocarpus sp. | DD | |
112 | Hydnocarpus woodii | NE | |
113 | Scaphocalyx spathacea | NE | |
No. of family | 38 | ||
No. of species | 113 |
Table 4.
Species | Common name | IUCN List | |
---|---|---|---|
Hesperiidae | |||
1 | Ancistroides gemmifer gemmifer | DD | |
2 | Hyarotis iadera | NE | |
3 | Notocrypta curvifascia corinda | DD | |
4 | Pelopidas agna agna | NE | |
5 | Pelopidas mathias mathias | NE | |
Lycaenidae | |||
6 | Allotinus borneensis | NE | |
7 | Allotinus horsfieldi | NE | |
8 | Allotinus substrigosus | NE | |
9 | Allotinus unicolor | NE | |
10 | Anthene emolus | NE | |
11 | Arhopala aedias agnis | Large Metallic Oakblue | NE |
12 | Arhopala antimuna antimuna | Small Tailless Oakblue | NE |
13 | Arhopala azinis | NE | |
14 | Arhopala democritus | NE | |
15 | Arhopala epimuta | NE | |
16 | Arhopala moorei busa | NE | |
17 | Arhopala tropaea | NE | |
18 | Caleta roxus pothus | NE | |
19 | Cheritra freja frigga | Common Imperial | LC |
20 | Curetis tagalia jopa | NE | |
21 | Drupadia ravindra | NE | |
22 | Eooxyides tharis | NE | |
23 | Jamides celeno aelianus | Common Caerulean | NE |
24 | Jamides elpis | NE | |
25 | Jamides ferrari evansi | NE | |
26 | Jamides malaccanus | NE | |
27 | Logania malayica | DD | |
28 | Spindasis ionita senama | Long-Banded Silverline | NE |
29 | Zemoras emesoides emesoides | NE | |
30 | Zizula hylax pygmaea | Pygmy Grass Blue | NE |
Nymphalidae | NE | ||
31 | Agatasa calydonia calydonia | Glorious Begum | NE |
32 | Amathusia masina malaya | NE | |
33 | Amathusia ochraceofusca ochraceofusca | NE | |
34 | Amathusia perakana perakana | NE | |
35 | Amathusia phidippus phidippus | Palm King | NE |
36 | Amathuxidia amythaon dilucida | Koh-I-Noor | NE |
37 | Athyma nefte subrata | Colour Sergeant | NE |
38 | Athyma perius perius | Common Sergeant | LC |
39 | Athyma pravara helma | Lance Sergeant | NE |
40 | Athyma reta moorei | Malay Staff Sergeant | NE |
41 | Bassarona dunya dunya | Great Marquis | NE |
42 | Bassarona recta monilis | Redtail Marquis | NE |
43 | Bassarona teuta goodrichi | Banded Marquis | NE |
44 | Cethosia hypsea hypsina | Malay Lacewing | NE |
45 | Charaxes bernardus crepax | Tawny Rajah | NE |
46 | Charaxes durnfordi | Chestnut Rajah | NE |
47 | Cirrichroa emalea | Malay Yeoman | NE |
48 | Cirrochroa orissa orissa | Banded Yeoman | NE |
49 | Cirrochroa satellita satellita | Yellow Banded Yeoman | NE |
50 | Cirrochroa surya siamensis | Litte Yeoman | NE |
51 | Cirrochroa tyche rotundata | Common Yeoman | NE |
52 | Coelites epiminthia epiminthia | Blue Catseye | NE |
53 | Cupha erymanthis lotis | Rustic | NE |
54 | Cyrestis cocles earli | Marbled Map | NE |
55 | Cyrestis themire themire | Little Map | NE |
56 | Danaus genutia genutia | DD | |
57 | Danaus melanippus hegesippus | Black Veined Tiger | DD |
58 | Dichorragia nesimachus | Constable | NE |
59 | Dichorragia sondaica | NE | |
60 | Discophora timora perakensis | NE | |
61 | Dophla evelina compta | NE | |
62 | Elymnias casiphone saueri | NE | |
63 | Elymnias hypermnesta agina | NE | |
64 | Elymnias nesaea lioneli | NE | |
65 | Elymnias panthera panthera | Tawny Palfly | NE |
66 | Elymnias penanga penanga | Pointed Palmfly | NE |
67 | Erites angularis angularis | Angled Cyclops | DD |
68 | Erites argentina delia | DD | |
69 | Eulacera asteria kumana | Elegant Emperor | NE |
70 | Euploea eunice leucogonis | NE | |
71 | Euploea eyndhovii | NE | |
72 | Euploea mulciber mulciber | Striped Blu Crow | NE |
73 | Euploea radamanthus radamanthus | Magpie Crow | NE |
74 | Euploea tulliolus | Dwarf Crow | NE |
75 | Euripus nyctelius euploides | Coutesan | NE |
76 | Euthalia adonia pinwilli | Green Baron | NE |
77 | Euthalia agnis paupera | NE | |
78 | Euthalia alpheda langkawica | NE | |
79 | Euthalia eriphylae | NE | |
80 | Euthalia ipona | NE | |
81 | Euthalia kanda marana | NE | |
82 | Euthalia mahadeva zichrina | NE | |
83 | Euthalia merta merta | NE | |
84 | Euthalia monina monina | Malayan Baron | NE |
85 | Faunis canens arcesilas | Common Faun | NE |
86 | Herona sumatrana | NE | |
87 | Hypolimnas anomala | NE | |
88 | Hypolimnas bolina bolina | Great Egg-Fly | NE |
89 | Idea hypermnestra | NE | |
90 | Idea stolli | NE | |
91 | Ideopsis gaura perakana | NE | |
92 | Ideopsis juventa sitah | NE | |
93 | Ideopsis similis persimilis | NE | |
94 | Ideopsis vulgaris macrina | Blue Glassy | NE |
95 | Junonia atlites atlites | Grey Pansy | NE |
96 | Junonia hedonia ida | NE | |
97 | Junonia orithya wallacei | Blue Pansy | DD |
98 | Kallima limborgi amplirufa | Malayan Oakleaf | NE |
99 | Lebadea martha malayana | Knight | NE |
100 | Lethe chandica namura | NE | |
101 | Lexias canescens pardalina | NE | |
102 | Lexias cyanipardus | NE | |
103 | Lexias dirtea merguia | NE | |
104 | Lexias pardalis dirteana | Archduke | NE |
105 | Melanitis leda leda | Common Evening Brown | NE |
106 | Melanitis phedima abdullae | NE | |
107 | Melanoczyma faunula | NE | |
108 | Moduxa rocris milonia | Commander | NE |
109 | Mycalesis anapita anapita | Tawny Bush Brown | NE |
110 | Mycalesis dohertyi dohertyi | NE | |
111 | Mycalesis fusca fusca | Malayan Bush Brown | NE |
112 | Mycalesis horsfieldi hermana | NE | |
113 | Mycalesis intermedia distanti | Internediate Bush Brown | NE |
114 | Mycalesis janardana sagittigera | Mottled Bush Brown | DD |
115 | Mycalesis maianeas maianeas | Bandless Bushbrown | NE |
116 | Mycalesis mineus macromalayana | Dark-Branded Bush Brown | NE |
117 | Mycalesis mnasicles perna | Cyclops Bush Brown | NE |
118 | Mycalesis oroatis ustulata | Red Bush Brown | NE |
119 | Mycalesis orseis nautilus | Purple Bush Brown | NE |
120 | Mycalesis patiana patiana | Eliot's Bush Brown | NE |
121 | Mycalesis perseoides perseoides | Parchmarchi Bush Brown | NE |
122 | Mycalesis perseus cepheus | Dingy Bush Brown | NE |
123 | Mycalesis visala phamis | Long-Branded Bush Brown | NE |
124 | Neorina lowii neophyta | Malayan Oel | NE |
125 | Neptis agatha charon | NE | |
126 | Neptis clinia | Sullied Sailer | NE |
127 | Neptis clinioides gunongensis | NE | |
128 | Neptis duryodona nesia | NE | |
129 | Neptis hylas papaja | Common Sailer | NE |
130 | Neptis leucoporos cresina | Grey Sailer | NE |
131 | Neptis miah | Small Yellow Sailer | NE |
132 | Neptis omeroda omeroda | NE | |
133 | Neptis sedata | NE | |
134 | Orsotriaena medus cinerea | Dark Grass Brown | NE |
135 | Pantaporia aurelia | Baby Lascar | NE |
136 | Pantoporia hordonia hordonia | Common Laskar | NE |
137 | Pantoporia sandaka sandaka | Extra Laska | NE |
138 | Parantica sylvia aspasia | Yellow Glassy Tiger | NE |
139 | Parthenos sylvia lilacinus | Clipper | NE |
140 | Pelopidas agna agna | Dark-Branded Swift | NE |
141 | Phaedyma columella singa | Short-Banded Swift | NE |
142 | Polyura athamas athamas | Common Nawab | NE |
143 | Polyura moori moori | Malayan Nawab | NE |
144 | Prothoe franck uniformis | Blue Begum | NE |
145 | Ragadia makuta siponta | Brown-Banded Ringlet | NE |
146 | Rhinopalpa polynice eudoxia | Wizard | NE |
147 | Tanaecia aruna aruna | NE | |
148 | Tanaecia flora flora | Blue Count | NE |
149 | Tanaecia godartii asoka | Malay Count | NE |
150 | Tanaecia iapis puseda | Horsfield's Baron | NE |
151 | Tanaecia julli bougainvillei | Common Earl | NE |
152 | Tanaecia palguna consanguinea | NE | |
153 | Tanaecia pelea irenae | Malayan Viscount | DD |
154 | Tanaecia pelea pelea | Malayan Viscount | DD |
155 | Terinos clarissa malayanus | Malayan Assyrian | NE |
156 | Terinos terpander robertsia | Royal Assyrian | NE |
157 | Thaumantis odona pishuna | Godart's Jungle Glory | NE |
158 | Thauria aliris | Tufted Jungleking | NE |
159 | Tirumala septentrionis septenrionis | Dark Blue Tiger | NE |
160 | Vindula dejone erotella | Lesser Cruiser | NE |
161 | Xanthotaenia busiris busiris | Yellow-Barred Pan | NE |
162 | Ypthima baldus newboldi | Common Five Ring | NE |
163 | Ypthima fasciata torone | Malayan Six Ring | NE |
164 | Ypthima horsfieldii humei | Horsfield's Six-Ring | NE |
165 | Ypthima huebneri | Common Four Ring | NE |
166 | Ypthima pandocus corticaria | Common Three Ring | NE |
167 | Zeuxidia amethystus amethystus | Saturn | NE |
168 | Zeuxidia aurelius | Great Saturn | NE |
169 | Zeuxidia doubledayi doubledayi | Scarce Saturn | NE |
Papilionidae | |||
170 | Chilasa clytia clytia dissimilis | Common Mime | NE |
171 | Graphium agamemnon agamemnon | Tailed Jay | NE |
172 | Graphium antiphates | Five-Bar Swordtail | NE |
173 | Graphium eurypylus mecisteus | Great Jay | NE |
174 | Graphium evemon eventus | Blue Jay | NE |
175 | Graphium sarpedon luctatius | Common Bluebottle | NE |
176 | Pachliopta aristolochiae asteris | Common Rose | NE |
177 | Pachliopta coon doubledayi | Common Clubtail | NE |
178 | Pachliopta neptunus neptunus | Yellow Bodied Clubtail | NE |
179 | Papilio demolion demolion | Banded Swallowtail | DD |
180 | Papilio memnon agenor | Great Mormon | NE |
181 | Papilio nephelus | Black And White Helen | NE |
182 | Papilio polytes romulus | Common Mormon | NE |
183 | Parides varuna varuna | Common Batwing | NE |
184 | Pathysa delesserti delesserti | Malayan Zebra | NE |
185 | Pathysa macareus perakensis | Lesser Zebra | NE |
186 | Pathysa ramaceus pendleburyi | Pendlebury's Zebra | NE |
187 | Troides aeacus thomsoni | Golden Birdwing | DD |
Pieridae | |||
188 | Abisara geza niya | Spotted Judy | NE |
189 | Abisara savitri | NE | |
190 | Appias indra plana | Plain Muffin | NE |
191 | Appias libythea olferna | Striped Albatross | NE |
192 | Appias lyncida vasava | Chocolate Albatross | NE |
193 | Appias nero figulina | Orange Albatross | NE |
194 | Appias paulina distanti | Common Albatross | NE |
195 | Catopsilia pomona pomona | Lemon Emigrant | NE |
196 | Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe | Mottled Emigrant | NE |
197 | Catopsilia scylla cornelia | Orange Emigrant | NE |
198 | Cepora iudith malaya | Orange Gull | NE |
199 | Dercas verhuelli herodorus | Tailed Sulphur | NE |
200 | Eurema ada iona | Talbot's Grass Yellow | NE |
201 | Eurema andersonii andersonii | Anderson Grass Yellow | DD |
202 | Eurema hecabe contubernalis | Common Grass Yellow | NE |
203 | Eurema lacteola lacteola | Scarce Grass Yellow | NE |
204 | Eurema sari sodalis | Choocolate Grass Yellow | NE |
205 | Eurema simulatrix tecmessa | Grass Yellow | NE |
206 | Eurema tilaha nicevillei | Malayan Grass Yellow | NE |
207 | Gandaca harina distanti | Tree Yellow | NE |
208 | Hebomoia glaucippe aturia | Great Orange Tip | NE |
209 | Leptosia nina nina | Psyche | NE |
210 | Moduza procris milonia | Commander | NE |
211 | Parantica aspasia aspasia | Yellow Glassy Tiger | NE |
212 | Pareronia valeria lutescens | Malayan Wanderer | NE |
213 | Prioneris philonome themana | Redspot Sawtooth | NE |
214 | Prioners philonome themana | Redspot Sawtooth | NE |
215 | Saletara liberia distanti | Malaysian Albatross | NE |
Riodinidae | |||
216 | Paralaxita damajanti damajanti | Malay Red Harlequin | DD |
217 | Taxila haquinus haquinus | Harleuin | NE |
No. of family | 6 | ||
No. of species | 217 |
Table 5.
Species | Common name | IUCN List | |
---|---|---|---|
Andrenidae | |||
1 | Andrena sp. | Mining Bee | DD |
Halictidae | |||
2 | Nomia strigata | Sweat Bee | NE |
3 | Maculonomia terminata | Sweat Bee | NE |
4 | Lasioglossum sp. | Sweat Bee | DD |
Apidae | |||
5 | Xylocopa aestuans | Carpenter Bee | NE |
6 | Xylocopa caerulea | Carpenter Bee | NE |
7 | Xylocopa dejeanii | Carpenter Bee | NE |
8 | Xylocopa flavonigrescens | Carpenter Bee | NE |
9 | Xylocopa latipes | Carpenter Bee | NE |
10 | Xylocopa sp. | Carpenter Bee | |
11 | Xylocopa varipuncta | Carpenter Bee | NE |
12 | Ceratina smaragdula | Small Carpenter Bee | NE |
13 | Ceratina sp. | Small Carpenter Bee | |
14 | Ceratina unimaculata | Small Carpenter Bee | NE |
15 | Amegilla insularis | Blue Banded Bee | NE |
16 | Amegilla zonata | Blue Banded Bee | NE |
17 | Thyreus himalayensis | Cuckoo Bee | NE |
18 | Heterotrigona erythrogastra | Carpenter Bee | NE |
19 | Heterotrigona itama | Carpenter Bee | NE |
20 | Homotrigona aliceae | Carpenter Bee | NE |
21 | Homotrigona fimbriata | Carpenter Bee | NE |
22 | Geniotrigona thoracica | Carpenter Bee | NE |
23 | Lepidotrigona terminata | Carpenter Bee | NE |
24 | Lepidotrigona ventralis | Carpenter Bee | NE |
25 | Lophotrigona canifrons | Carpenter Bee | NE |
26 | Tetragonilla atripes | Carpenter Bee | NE |
27 | Tetragonilla collina | Carpenter Bee | NE |
28 | Tetragonula fuscobalteata | Carpenter Bee | NE |
29 | Tetragonula geissleri | Carpenter Bee | NE |
30 | Tetragonula laeviceps | Carpenter Bee | NE |
31 | Tetragonula melina | Carpenter Bee | NE |
32 | Tetragonula sp. | Carpenter Bee | DD |
33 | Tetrigona apicalis | Carpenter Bee | NE |
34 | Apis cerana | Honey Bee | NE |
35 | Apis dorsata | Honey Bee | NE |
No. of family | 3 | ||
No. of species | 35 |
Table 6.
Species | Common name | IUCN List | |
---|---|---|---|
Geomydidae | |||
1 | Heosemys spinosa | Spiny Hill Turtle | EN |
2 | Notochelys platynota | Malayan Flat-Shelled Turtle | VU |
Trionychidae | |||
3 | Dogania subplana | Malayan Softshell Turtle | LC |
4 | Amyda cartilagenea | Asian Softshell Turtle | |
Agamidae | |||
5 | Draco fimbriatus | Fringed Flying Lizard | VU |
6 | Draco formosus | Beautiful Flying Lizard | LC |
7 | Draco melanopogon | Black-Bearded Flying Lizard | NE |
8 | Gonocephalus bellii | Blue-Necked Angle-Headed Lizard | LC |
9 | Gonocephalus grandis | Giant Angle-Headed Lizard | LC |
Gekkonidae | |||
10 | Cnemaspis peninsularis | Peninsular Rock Gecko | LC |
11 | Cyrtodactylus consobrinus | Peter's Bent-Toed Gecko | NE |
12 | Cyrtodactylus quadrivirgatus | Four-Stripped Bent-Toed Gecko | LC |
13 | Gehyra mutilata | Common Four-Clawed Gecko | NE |
14 | Gekko monarchus | Warty House Gecko | NE |
15 | Gekko smithii | Smith's Giant Gecko | LC |
16 | Hemidactylus craspedotus | Frilly Forest Gecko | NE |
17 | Hemidactylus frenatus | Asian House Gecko | LC |
18 | Hemiphyllodactylus typus | Common Worm Gecko | LC |
19 | Luperosaurus browni | Brown's Camouflage Gecko | NE |
20 | Ptychozoon kuhli | Kuhl's Parachute Gecko | NE |
Scincidae | |||
21 | Eutropis longicaudata | Long-Tailed Ground Skink | LC |
22 | Eutropis multifasciata | Common Sun Skink | LC |
23 | Lipinia vittigera | Common Stripped Skink | LC |
Varanidae | |||
24 | Varanus salvator | Water Monitor Lizard | LC |
Colubridae | |||
25 | Calamaria pavimentata | Brown Reed Snake | LC |
26 | Orthiriophis taeniurus ridleyi | Cave Racer | NE |
No. of family | 7 | ||
No. of species | 26 |
Table 7.
Species | Common name | IUCN List | |
---|---|---|---|
Accipitridae | |||
1 | Haliaeetus leucogaster | White-Bellied Sea Eagle | LC |
2 | Haliastur indus | Brahminy Kite | LC |
3 | Icthyophaga humilis | Lesser Fish Eagle | NT |
4 | Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus | Grey-Headed Fish-Eagle | NE |
5 | Nisaetus alboniger | Blyth’s Hawk Eagle | LC |
6 | Spilornis cheela | Crested Serpent Eagle | LC |
7 | Spizaetus cirrhatus | Changeable Hawk-Eagle | NE |
8 | Aviceda leuphotes | Black Baza | LC |
9 | Pernis ptilorhynchus | Oriental Honey-Buzzard | LC |
10 | Macheiramphus alcinus | Bat Hawk | LC |
11 | Milvus migrans | Black Kite | LC |
12 | Accipiter soloensis | Chinese Goshawk | LC |
13 | Accipiter gularis | Japanese Sparrowhawk | LC |
14 | Hieraaetus kienerii | Rufous-Bellied Eagle | NE |
15 | Spizaetus nanus | Wallace’s Hawk-Eagle | NE |
Bucerotidae | |||
16 | Anorrhinus galeritus | Bushy-Crested Hornbill | NT |
17 | Anthracoceros albirostris | Oriental Pied Hornbill | LC |
18 | Anthracoceros malayanus | Black Hornbill | VU |
19 | Buceros bicornis | Great Hornbill | VU |
20 | Buceros rhinoceros | Rhinoceros Hornbill | VU |
21 | Rhinoplax vigil | Helmeted Hornbill | CR |
22 | Aceros corrugatus | Wrinkled Hornbill | EN |
23 | Aceros undulatus | Wreathed Hornbill | VU |
24 | Aceros comatus | White-Crowned Hornbill | EN |
Apodidae | |||
25 | Apus pacificus | Fork-Tailed Swift | LC |
26 | Apus nipalensis | House Swift | LC |
27 | Aerodramus germani | Germain’s Swiftlet | NE |
28 | Collocalia fuciphagus | Edible-Nest Swiftlet | LC |
29 | Cypsiurus balasiensis | Asian Palm-Swift | LC |
30 | Rhaphidura leucopygialis | Silver-Rumped Needletail | LC |
Caprimulgidae | |||
31 | Caprimulgus macrurus | Large-Tailed Nightjar | LC |
32 | Caprimulgus affinis | Savanna Nightjar | LC |
Hemiprocnidae | |||
33 | Hemiprocne comata | Whiskered Treeswift | LC |
Batrachostomidae | |||
34 | Batrachostomus auritus | Large Frogmouth | NT |
Scolopacidae | |||
35 | Actitis hypoleucos | Common Sandpiper | LC |
Columbidae | |||
36 | Chalcophaps indica | Emerald Dove | LC |
37 | Spilopelia chinensis | Spotted Dove | LC |
38 | Geopelia striata | Zebra Dove | LC |
39 | Treron olax | Little Green-Pigeon | LC |
40 | Treron curvirostra | Thick-Billed Green-Pigeon | LC |
41 | Ptilinopus jambu | Jambu Fruit Dove | NT |
42 | Ducula aenea | Green Imperial-Pigeon | LC |
43 | Ducula badia | Mountain Imperial-Pigeon | LC |
44 | Macropygia ruficeps | Little Cuckoo-Dove | LC |
45 | Treron capellei | Large- Green Pigeon | VU |
46 | Treron vernans | Pink-Necked Green-Pigeon | LC |
Alcedinidae | |||
47 | Alcedo atthis | Common Kingfisher | LC |
48 | Alcedo meninting | Blue-Eared Kingfisher | LC |
49 | Ceyx erithacus | Black-Backed Kingfisher | NE |
50 | Ceyx rufidorsa | Rufuous-Backed Kingfisher | LC |
51 | Lacedo pulchella | Banded Kingfisher | LC |
52 | Pelargopsis capensis | Stork-Billed Kingfisher | LC |
53 | Todiramphus chloris | Collared Kingfisher | LC |
54 | Halcyon pileata | Black-Capped Kingfisher | LC |
55 | Halcyon smyrnensis | White-Throated Kingfisher | LC |
56 | Alcedo euryzona | Javan Blue-Banded Kingfisher | CR |
Coraciidae | |||
57 | Eurystomus orientalis | Dollarbird | LC |
Meropidae | |||
58 | Merops viridis | Blue-Throated Bee-Eater | LC |
59 | Merops leschenaulti | Chestnut-Headed Bee Eater | LC |
60 | Nyctyornis amictus | Red-Bearded Bee-Eater | LC |
Cuculidae | |||
61 | Cacomantis merulinus | Plaintive Cuckoo | LC |
62 | Cacomantis sonneratii | Banded Bay Cuckoo | LC |
63 | Centropus rectunguis | Short-Toed Coucal | VU |
64 | Centropus sinensis | Greater Coucal | LC |
65 | Clamator coromandus | Chestnut-Winged Cuckoo | LC |
66 | Cuculus micropterus | Indian Cuckoo | LC |
67 | Eudynamys scolopaceus | Asian Koel | LC |
68 | Cuculus fugax | Malaysian Hawk-Cuckoo | NE |
69 | Phaenicophaeus chlorophaeus | Raffles’s Malkoha | LC |
70 | Phaenicophaeus curvirostris | Chestnut-Breasted Malkoha | LC |
71 | Phaenicophaeus sumatranus | Chestnut-Bellied Malkoha | NT |
72 | Phaenicophaeus diardi | Black-Bellied Malkoha | NT |
73 | Phaenicophaeus tristis | Green-Billed Malkoha | LC |
74 | Phaenicophaeus javanicus | Red-Billed Malkoha | LC |
75 | Rhinortha chlorophaea | Raffles's Malkoha | LC |
76 | Surniculus lugubris | Square-Tailed Drongo-Cuckoo | LC |
77 | Zanclostomus javanicus | Red-Billed Malkoha | LC |
Falconidae | |||
78 | Microhierax fringillarius | Black-Thighed Falconet | LC |
79 | Falco tinnunculus | Common Kestrel | LC |
Pandionidae | |||
80 | Pandion haliaetus | Osprey | LC |
Phasianidae | |||
81 | Arborophila campbelli | Campbell’s Partridge | LC |
82 | Argusianus argus | Great Argus | NT |
83 | Gallus gallus | Red Junglefowl | LC |
84 | Lophura ignita | Crested Fireback | NT |
85 | Polyplectron malacense | Malayan Peacock-Pheasant | VU |
86 | Rheinardia ocellata | Crested Argus | EN |
87 | Arborophila chartonii | Chestnut-Necklaced Partridge | NE |
Rallidae | |||
88 | Amaurornis phoenicurus | White-Breasted Waterhen | LC |
Aegithinidae | |||
89 | Aegithina lafresnayei | Great Iora | LC |
90 | Aegithina tiphia | Common Iora | LC |
91 | Aegithina viridissima | Green Iora | NT |
Campephagidae | |||
92 | Coracina fimbriata | Lesser Cuckooshrike | LC |
93 | Tephrodornis gularis | Large Woodshrike | NE |
94 | Pericrocotus divaricatus | Ashy Minivet | LC |
95 | Pericrocotus igneus | Fiery Minivet | NT |
96 | Coracina striata | Bar-Bellied Cuckooshrike | LC |
97 | Hemipus hirundinaceus | Black-Winged Flycatcher-Shrike | LC |
98 | Hemipus picatus | Bar-Winged Flycatcher-Shrike | LC |
99 | Lalage nigra | Pied Triller | LC |
100 | Pericrocotus flammeus | Scarlet Minivet | LC |
Chloropseidae | |||
101 | Chloropsis cochinchinensis | Blue-Winged Leafbird | NT |
102 | Chloropsis cyanopogon | Lesser Green Leafbird | NT |
103 | Chloropsis sonnerati | Greater Green Leafbird | VU |
Cisticolidae | |||
104 | Prinia flaviventris | Yellow-Bellied Prinia | LC |
105 | Prinia rufescens | Rufescent Prinia | LC |
106 | Orthotomus ruficeps | Ashy Tailorbird | LC |
107 | Orthotomus sericeus | Rufous-Tailed Tailorbird | LC |
Corvidae | |||
108 | Corvus enca | Slender-Billed Crow | LC |
109 | Corvus macrorhynchos | Large-Billed Crow | LC |
110 | Platylophus galericulatus | Crested Jay | NT |
111 | Platysmurus leucopterus | Black Magpie | LC |
112 | Platylophus galericulatus | Crested Jay | NT |
113 | Crypsirina temia | Racket-Tailed Treepie | LC |
Dicaeidae | |||
114 | Dicaeum cruentatum | Scarlet-Backed Flowerpecker | LC |
115 | Dicaeum trigonostigma | Orange-Bellied Flowerpecker | LC |
116 | Prionochilus maculatus | Yellow-Breasted Flowerpecker | LC |
117 | Prionochilus percussus | Crimson-Breasted Flowerpecker | LC |
118 | Prionochilus thoracicus | Scarlet-Breasted Flowerpecker | NT |
119 | Dicaeum agile | Thick-Billed Flowerpecker | LC |
120 | Dicaeum chrysorrheum | Yellow-Vented Flowerpecker | LC |
Dicruridae | |||
121 | Dicrurus aeneus | Bronzed Drongo | LC |
122 | Dicrurus annectans | Crow-Billed Drongo | LC |
123 | Dicrurus paradiseus | Greater Racket-Tailed Drongo | LC |
124 | Dicrurus remifer | Lesser Racket-Tailed Drongo | LC |
125 | Dicrurus macrocercus | Black Drongo | LC |
126 | Dicrurus leucophaeus | Ashy Drongo | LC |
Estrildidae | |||
127 | Lonchura leucogastra | White-Bellied Munia | LC |
128 | Lonchura striata | White-Rumped Munia | LC |
129 | Lonchura punctulata | Scaly-Breasted Munia | LC |
130 | Erythrura prasina | Pin-Tailed Parrotfinch | LC |
Eupetidae | |||
131 | Eupetes macrocerus | Rail-Babbler | NT |
Eurylaimidae | |||
132 | Calyptomena viridis | Asian Green Broadbill | NT |
133 | Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus | Black-And-Red Broadbill | NE |
134 | Eurylaimus javanicus | Banded Broadbill | NT |
135 | Eurylaimus ochromalus | Black-And-Yellow Broadbill | NT |
136 | Corydon sumatranus | Dusky Broadbill | LC |
Hirundinidae | |||
137 | Hirundo daurica | Barn Swallow | NE |
138 | Hirundo tahitica | Pacific Swallow | LC |
139 | Cecropis striolata | Striated Swallow | NE |
Irenidae | |||
140 | Irena puella | Asian Fairy-Bluebird | LC |
Monarchidae | |||
141 | Hypothymis azurea | Black-Naped Monarch | LC |
142 | Terpsiphone paradisi | Asian Paradise-Flycatcher | LC |
Motacillidae | |||
143 | Motacilla flava | Yellow Wagtail | LC |
144 | Dendronanthus indicus | Forest Wagtail | LC |
145 | Motacilla cinerea | Grey Wagtail | LC |
146 | Anthus rufulus | Paddyfield Pipit | LC |
Muscicapidae | |||
147 | Copsychus malabaricus | White-Rumped Shama | NE |
148 | Copsychus saularis | Oriental Magpie Robin | LC |
149 | Culicicapa ceylonensis | Grey-Headed Canary-Flycatcher | LC |
150 | Cyornis banyumas | Hill Blue-Flycatcher | LC |
151 | Cyornis concretus | White-Tailed Flycatcher | LC |
152 | Cyornis tickelliae | Tickell’s Blue-Flycatcher | LC |
153 | Enicurus leschenaulti | White-Crowned Forktail | LC |
154 | Enicurus ruficapillus | Chestnut-Naped Forktail | NT |
155 | Ficedula mugimaki | Mugimaki Flycatcher | LC |
156 | Ficedula solitaris | Rufous-Browed Flycatcher | LC |
157 | Ficedula zanthopygia | Yellow-Rumped Flycatcher | LC |
158 | Luscinia cyane | Siberian Blue-Robin | LC |
159 | Philentoma pyrhoptera | Rufous-Winged Philentoma | LC |
160 | Philentoma velata | Maroon-Breasted Philentoma | NT |
161 | Rhinomyias umbratilis | Grey-Chested Jungle-Flycatcher | NT |
162 | Trichixos pyrropygus | Rufous-Tailed Shama | NT |
Nectariniidae | |||
163 | Aethopyga saturata | Black-Throated Sunbird | LC |
164 | Anthreptes malacensis | Brown-Throated Sunbird | LC |
165 | Anthreptes simplex | Plain Sunbird | LC |
166 | Anthreptes singalensis | Ruby-Cheeked Sunbird | LC |
167 | Arachnothera crassirostris | Thick-Billed Spiderhunter | LC |
168 | Arachnothera longirostra | Little Spiderhunter | LC |
169 | Arachnothera magna | Streaked Spiderhunter | LC |
170 | Arachnothera modesta | Grey-Breasted Spiderhunter | LC |
171 | Arachnothera robusta | Long-Billed Spiderhunter | LC |
172 | Hypogramma hypogrammicum | Purple-Naped Sunbird | LC |
Oriolidae | |||
173 | Oriolus xanthornus | Dark-Throated Oriole | LC |
174 | Oriolus chinensis | Black-Naped Oriole | LC |
Pittidae | |||
175 | Pitta granatina | Garnet Pitta | NT |
176 | Pitta caerulea | Giant Pitta | NT |
177 | Pitta sordida | Hooded Pitta | LC |
Pycnonotidae | |||
178 | Alophoixus bres | Grey-Cheeked Bulbul | LC |
179 | Alophoixus finschii | Finsch’s Bulbul | NT |
180 | Alophoixus ochraceus | Ochraceous Bulbul | LC |
181 | Alophoixus phaeocephalus | Yellow-Belllied Bulbul | LC |
182 | Hemixos flavala | Ashy Bulbul | LC |
183 | Iole olivacea | Buff-Vented Bulbul | NT |
184 | Pycnonotus atriceps | Black-Headed Bulbul | NE |
185 | Pycnonotus brunneus | Red-Eyed Bulbul | LC |
186 | Pycnonotus cyaniventris | Grey-Bellied Bulbul | NT |
187 | Pycnonotus erythropthalmos | Spectacled Bulbul | LC |
188 | Pycnonotus eutilotus | Puff-Backed Bulbul | LC |
189 | Pycnonotus goiavier | Yellow-Vented Bulbul | LC |
190 | Pycnonotus plumosus | Olive-Winged Bulbul | LC |
191 | Pycnonotus simplex | Cream-Vented Bulbul | LC |
192 | Pycnonotus squamatus | Scaly-Breasted Bulbul | NT |
193 | Pycnonotus zeylanicus | Straw-Headed Bulbul | CR |
194 | Tricholestes criniger | Hairy-Backed Bulbul | LC |
Rhipiduridae | |||
195 | Rhipidura javanica | Pied Fantail | LC |
196 | Rhipidura perlata | Spotted Fantail | LC |
Sturnidae | |||
197 | Acridotheres fuscus | Jungle Myna | LC |
198 | Gracula religiosa | Hill Myna | LC |
199 | Aplonis panayensis | Asian Glossy Starling | LC |
200 | Acridotheres tristis | Common Myna | LC |
201 | Sturnus sturninus | Purple-Backed Starling | LC |
Sylviidae | |||
202 | Abroscopus superciliaris | Yellow-Bellied Babbler | LC |
203 | Orthotomus atrogularis | Dark-Necked Tailorbird | LC |
204 | Orthotomus ruficeps | Ashy Tailorbird | LC |
205 | Orthotomus sericeus | Rufous-Tailed Tailorbird | LC |
206 | Orthotomus sutorius | Common Tailorbird | LC |
207 | Seicercus castaniceps | Chestnut-Crowned Warbler | LC |
Timaliidae | |||
208 | Alcippe brunneicauda | Brown Fulvetta | NT |
209 | Alcippe peracensis | Mountain Fulvetta | LC |
210 | Erpornis zantholeuca | White-Bellied Yuhina | LC |
211 | Kenopia striata | Striped Wren-Babbler | NT |
212 | Leiothrix argentauris | Silver-Eared Masia | LC |
213 | Macronous gularis | Pin-Striped Tit-Babbler | LC |
214 | Macronous ptilosus | Fluffy-Backed Tit-Babbler | NT |
215 | Malacocincla abbotti | Abbott’s Babbler | LC |
216 | Malacocincla malaccensis | Short-Tailed Babbler | NT |
217 | Malacopteron affine | Sooty-Capped Babbler | NT |
218 | Malacopteron cinereum | Scaly-Crowned Babbler | LC |
219 | Malacopteron magnirostre | Moustached Babbler | LC |
220 | Malacopteron magnum | Rufous-Crowned Babbler | NT |
221 | Pellorneum capistratum | Black-Capped Babbler | LC |
222 | Pomatorhinus montanus | Chestnut-Backed Scimitar-Babbler | LC |
223 | Pteruthius melanotis | Black-Eared Shrike-Babbler | LC |
224 | Stachyris erythroptera | Chestnut-Winged Babbler | NE |
225 | Stachyris maculata | Chestnut-Rumped Babbler | NT |
226 | Stachyris nigriceps | Grey-Throated Babbler | LC |
227 | Stachyris nigricollis | Black-Throated Babbler | NT |
228 | Stachyris poliocephala | Grey-Headed Babbler | LC |
229 | Trichastoma bicolor | Ferruginous Babbler | LC |
230 | Trichastoma rostratum | White-Chested Babbler | NT |
231 | Trichastoma tickelli | Buff-Breasted Babbler | LC |
Turdidae | |||
232 | Myophonus robinsoni | Malayan Whistling Thrush | NT |
Megalaimidae | |||
233 | Calorhamphus fuliginosus | Brown Barbet | NT |
234 | Megalaima australis | Blue-Eared Barbet | NE |
235 | Megalaima mystacophanos | Red-Throated Barbet | NT |
236 | Psilopogon chrysopogon | Gold-Whiskered Barbet | LC |
237 | Psilopogon franklinii | Gold-Whiskered Barbet | LC |
238 | Psilopogon henricii | Yellow-Crowned Barbet | NT |
239 | Psilopogon rafflesii | Red-Crowned Barbet | NT |
Picidae | |||
240 | Blythipicus rubiginosus | Maroon Woodpecker | LC |
241 | Dryocopus javensis | White-Bellied Woodpecker | LC |
242 | Meiglyptes tukki | Buff-Necked Woodpecker | NT |
243 | Meglyptes tristis | Buff-Rumped Woodpecker | DD |
244 | Celeus brachyurus | Rufous Woodpecker | LC |
245 | Mulleripicus pulverulentus | Great Slaty Woodpecker | VU |
246 | Picus chlorolophus | Lesser Yellownape | LC |
247 | Picus mentalis | Checker-Throated Woodpecker | NE |
248 | Picus miniaceus | Banded Woodpecker | LC |
249 | Picus puniceus | Crimson-Winged Woodpecker | LC |
250 | Sasia abnormis | Rufous Piculet | LC |
Zosteropidae | |||
251 | Zosterops everetti | Everett’s White-Eye | LC |
Psittacidae | |||
252 | Loriculus galgulus | Blue-Crowned Hanging-Parrot | LC |
253 | Psittacula longicauda | Long-Tailed Parakeet | VU |
254 | Psittinus cyanurus | Blue-Rumped Parrot | NT |
Strigidae | |||
255 | Ninox scutulata | Brown Hawk-Owl | LC |
256 | Otus bakkamoena | Collared Scops Owl | LC |
257 | Otus rufescens | Reddish Scops-Owl | NT |
258 | Ketupa ketupu | Buffy Fish-Owl | LC |
259 | Strix seloputo | Spotted Wood Owl | LC |
260 | Strix leptogrammica | Brown Wood Owl | LC |
Trogonidae | |||
261 | Harpactes diardii | Diard’s Trogon | NT |
262 | Harpactes duvaucelii | Scarlet-Rumped Trogon | NT |
263 | Harpactes orrhophaeus | Cinamon-Rumped Trogon | NT |
264 | Harpactes kasumba | Red-Naped Trogon | NT |
265 | Harpactes oreskios | Orange-Breasted Trogon | LC |
No. of family | 46 | ||
No. of species | 265 |
Table 8.
Updated taxonomic checklist of mammals in Tasik Kenyir [1,[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]].
Species | Common Name | IUCN List | |
---|---|---|---|
Manidae | |||
1 | Manis javanica | Sunda Panggolin | CR |
Erinaceidae | |||
2 | Echinosorex gymnura | Moonrat | LC |
3 | Hylomys suillus | Short-Tailed Gymnure | LC |
Soricidae | |||
4 | Crocidura malayana | Malayan Shrew | LC |
5 | Suncus etruscus | Pygmy Whited-Tooth Shrew | LC |
Tupaiidae | |||
6 | Tupaia glis | Malayan Treeshrew | DD |
Cynocephalidae | |||
7 | Galeopterus variegatus | Sunda Flying Lemur | LC |
Pteropodidae | |||
8 | Balionycteris maculata | Spotted-Winged Fruit Bat | LC |
9 | Chironax melanocephalus | Black-Capped Fruit Bat | LC |
10 | Cynopterus brachyotis "Sunda" | Lesser Dog-Faced Fruit Bat | LC |
11 | Cynopterus brachyotis "Forest" | Lesser Dog-Faced Fruit Bat | LC |
12 | Cynopterus horsfieldii | Horsfield’s Fruit Bat | LC |
13 | Cynopterus sphinx | Greater Short-Nosed Fruit Bat | LC |
14 | Eonycteris spelaea | Dawn Bat | LC |
15 | Macroglossus minimus | Dagger-Tooth Long-Nosed Fruit Bat | LC |
16 | Macroglossus sobrinus | Hill Long-Tounged Fruit Bat | LC |
17 | Megaerops ecaudatus | Temminck’s Tailless Fruit Bat | LC |
18 | Penthetor lucasi | Lucas’s Short-Nosed Fruit Bat | LC |
19 | Pteropus vampyrus | Large Flying Fox | NT |
20 | Rousettus amplexicaudatus | Geoffroy’s Rouset | LC |
Emballonuridae | |||
21 | Emballonura monticola | Lesser Sheath-Tailled Bat | LC |
Nycteridae | |||
22 | Nycteris tragata | Malayan Slit-Faced Bat | NT |
Megadermatidae | |||
23 | Megaderma iyra | Greater Falsed Vampire Bat | LC |
24 | Megaderma spasma | Lesser Falsed Vampire Bat | LC |
Rhinolophidae | |||
25 | Rhinolophus affinis | Intermediate Horseshoe Bat | LC |
26 | Rhinolophus chiewkweeae | Chiewkwee's Horseshoe Bat | NE |
27 | Rhinolophus lepidus | Blyth’s Horseshoe Bat | LC |
28 | Rhinolophus luctus | Beddome’s Horseshoe Bat | LC |
29 | Rhinolophus pearsoni | Pearson’s Horseshoes Bat | LC |
30 | Rhinolophus robinsoni | Penninsular Horseshoes Bat | NT |
31 | Rhinolophus sedulus | Lesser Wooly Horseshoes Bat | NT |
32 | Rhinolophus stheno | Lesser Brown Horseshoes Bat | LC |
33 | Rhinolophus pusilus | Least Horseshoes Bat | LC |
Hipposideridae | |||
34 | Hipposideros armiger | Great Himalayan Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
35 | Hipposideros ater | Dusky Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
36 | Hipposideros atrox | Lesser Bicoloured Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
37 | Hipposideros bicolor | Bicolored Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
38 | Hipposideros cervinus | Fawn-Colored Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
39 | Hipposideros cineraceus | Durga Das’s Leaf-Nosed Bat | VU |
40 | Hipposideros diadema | Diadem Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
41 | Hipposideros dyacorom | Leaf-Nosed Bat | NE |
42 | Hipposideros larvatus | Horsfield's Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
43 | Hipposideros ridleyi | Ridley's Leaf-Nosed Bat | VU |
44 | Hipposideros galeritus | Cantor's Leaf-Nosed Bat | LC |
45 | Ceoplos robinsonii | NE | |
Vespertilionidae | |||
46 | Kerivoula intermedia | Small Woolly Bat | NT |
47 | Kerivoula pellucida | Clear-Winged Woolly Bat | NT |
48 | Kerivoula minuta | Least Woolly Bat | NT |
49 | Kerivoula papillosa | Papillose Woolly Bat | LC |
50 | Kerivoula hardwickii | Hardwicke's Woolly Bat | LC |
51 | Kerivoula krauensis | Krau Woolly Bat | DD |
52 | Miniopterus schreibersii | Schreiber's Bent-Winged Bat | NT |
53 | Miniopterus medius | Medium Bent-Winged Bat | LC |
54 | Miniopterus ridleyi | Bent-Winged Bats | NE |
55 | Murina rozendaali | Gilded Tube-Nosed Bat | VU |
56 | Murina cyclotis | Round-Eared Tube-Nosed Bat | LC |
57 | Murina suilla | Brown Tube-Nosed Bat | LC |
58 | Myotis ater | Peters's Myotis | LC |
59 | Myotis horsfieldii | Horsfield's Myotis | LC |
60 | Myotis muricola | Taiwan Broad-Muzzled Myotis | LC |
61 | Myotis ridleyi | Ridley's Myotis | NT |
62 | Myotis siligorensis | Himalayan Whiskered Bat | LC |
63 | Myotis mystacinus | Steppe Whiskered Bat | LC |
64 | Philetor brachypterus | LC | |
65 | Phoniscus jagorii | Peters's Trumpet-Eared Bat | LC |
66 | Scotophilus kuhlii | Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat | LC |
67 | Tylonycteris pachypus | Lesser Bamboo Bat | LC |
68 | Tylonycteris robustula | LC | |
69 | Glischropus tylopus | Common Thick-Thumbed Bat | LC |
Mollosidae | |||
70 | Chaerephon johorensis | Northern Free-Tailed Bat | VU |
Lorisidae | |||
71 | Nycticebus coucang | Greater Slow Loris | VU |
Cercopithecidae | |||
72 | Macaca fascicularis | Crab Eating Macaca | NT |
73 | Macaca nemestrina | Southern Pig-Tailed Macaque | VU |
74 | Presbytis femoralis | Banded Surili | NT |
75 | Presbytis siamensis | White-Thighed Surili | NT |
76 | Trachypithecus obscurus | Dusky Leaf Monkey | NT |
Hylobatidae | |||
77 | Hylobates lar | Malaysian Lar | EN |
78 | Symphalangus syndactylus | Siamang | EN |
Canidae | |||
79 | Cuon alpinus | Dhole | EN |
80 | Canis familiaris | Wild Dog | NE |
Ursidae | |||
81 | Helarctos malayanus | Sun Bear | VU |
Mustelidae | |||
82 | Aonyx cinerea | Asian Small-Clawed Otter | VU |
83 | Lutra sumatrana | Hairy-Nosed Otter | EN |
84 | Lutrogale perspicillata | Smooth-Coated Otter | VU |
85 | Martes flavigula | Yellow-Throated Marten | LC |
86 | Mustela nudipes | Malay Weasel | LC |
Viverridae | |||
87 | Arctictis binturong | Binturong | VU |
88 | Paguma larvata | Masked Palm Civet | LC |
89 | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | Common Palm Civet | LC |
90 | Viverra megaspila | Large-Spotted Civet | EN |
91 | Viverra tangalunga | Malay Civet | LC |
92 | Viverra zibetha | Large Indian Civet | LC |
93 | Arctogalidia trivirgata | Small-Toothed Palm Civet | LC |
94 | Hemigalus derbyanus | Banded Civet | NT |
Hespertidae | |||
95 | Herpestes urya | Crab-Eating Mongoose | LC |
Felidae | |||
96 | Catopuma temminckii | Asiatic Golden Cat | NT |
97 | Panthera pardus | Leopard | VU |
98 | Panthera tigris | Tiger | EN |
99 | Pardofelis marmorata | Marbled Cat | NT |
100 | Prionailurus bengalensis | Leopard Cat | LC |
101 | Prionailurus planiceps | Flat-Headed Cat | EN |
102 | Neofelis nebulosa | Clouded Leopard | VU |
Prionodontidae | |||
103 | Prionodon linsang | Banded Linsang | LC |
Elephantidae | |||
104 | Elephas maximus | Asian Elephant | EN |
Tapiridae | |||
105 | Tapirus indicus | Malay Tapir | EN |
Rhinocerotidae | |||
106 | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | Sumatran Rhinoceros | CR |
Suidae | |||
107 | Sus scrofa | Wild Boar | LC |
Tragulidae | |||
108 | Tragulus javanicus | Javan Chevrotain | DD |
109 | Tragulus kanchil | Lesser Oriental Chevrotain | LC |
110 | Tragulus napu | Greater Oriental Chevrotain | LC |
Cervidae | |||
111 | Rusa unicolor | Sambar | VU |
112 | Muntiacus muntjak | Southern Red Muntjac | LC |
Bovidae | |||
113 | Capricornis sumatraensis | Sumatran Serow | VU |
114 | Bos gaurus | Gaur | VU |
Sciuridae | |||
115 | Aeromys tephromelas | Black Flying Squirrel | DD |
116 | Callosciurus nigrovittatus | Black-Striped Squirrel | LC |
117 | Callosciurus notatus | Plantain Squirrel | LC |
118 | Callosciurus caniceps | Grey-Bellied Squirrel | LC |
119 | Callosciurus prevostii | Prevost's Squirrel | LC |
120 | Hylopetes spadiceus | Red-Cheeked Flying Squirrel | LC |
121 | Lariscus insignis | Three-Striped Ground Squirrel | LC |
122 | Petaurista petaurista | Red Giant Flying Squirrel | LC |
123 | Petinomys setosus | Temminck's Flying Squirrel | VU |
124 | Petinomys vordermanni | Vordermann's Flying Squirrel | VU |
125 | Ratufa affinis | Pale Giant Squirrel | NT |
126 | Ratufa bicolor | Black Giant Squirrel | NT |
127 | Rhinosciurus laticaudatus | Shrew-Faced Squirrel | NT |
128 | Sundasciurus hippurus | Horse-Tailed Squirrel | NT |
129 | Sundasciurus lowii | Low's Squirrel | LC |
130 | Sundasciurus tenuis | Slender Squirrel | LC |
131 | Hylopetes platyurus | Jentink's Flying Squirrel | DD |
Muridae | |||
132 | Berylmys bowersi | Bower's White-Toothed Rat | LC |
133 | Leopoldamys sabanus | LC | |
134 | Maxomys inas | Malayan Mountain Maxomys | LC |
135 | Maxomys rajah | Rajah Sundaic Maxomys | VU |
136 | Maxomys surifer | Indomalayan Maxomys | LC |
137 | Maxomys whiteheadi | Whitehead’s Sundaic Maxomys | VU |
138 | Mus caroli | Ryukyu Mouse | LC |
139 | Mus musculus | House Mouse | LC |
140 | Niviventer cremoriventer | Sundaic Arboreal Niviventer | LC |
141 | Niviventer fulvescens | Chestnut White-Bellied Rat | LC |
142 | Pithecheir parvus | Malay Peninsula Pithecheir | DD |
143 | Rattus annandalei | Annandale’s Sundaic Rat | LC |
144 | Rattus argentiventer | Ricefield Rat | LC |
145 | Rattus exulans | Polynesian Rat | LC |
146 | Rattus rattus | House Rat | LC |
147 | Rattus surifer | NE | |
148 | Rattus tiomanicus | Malaysian Field Rat | LC |
149 | Sundamys muelleri | Müller’s Sundamys | LC |
Spalacidae | |||
150 | Rhizomys sumatrensis | Indomalayan Bamboo Rat | LC |
Hystricidae | |||
151 | Hystrix brachyura | Malayan Porcupine | LC |
152 | Atherurus macrourus | Asiatic Brush-Tailed Porcupine | LC |
153 | Trichys fasciculata | Long-Tailed Porcupine | LC |
No. of family | 34 | ||
No. of species | 153 |
Fig. 1.
Summary of threatened species (%) in Tasik Kenyir.
The one year biodiversity data was paired with climate data which are temperature (oC), humidity (%RH) and rainfall (mm) to evaluate and correlate between sensitive biological responses with climate factors (Table 9; Fig. 2, Fig. 3).
Table 9.
Micro-climate data of Tasik Kenyir from March 2015 until February 2016.
Month | Climate |
||
---|---|---|---|
Temperature (0C) | Humidity (%RH) | Rainfall (mm) | |
Mar-15 | 25.72 | 76.80 | 24.80 |
Apr-15 | 26.16 | 79.60 | 214.80 |
May-15 | 27.02 | 78.10 | 26.40 |
Jun-15 | 26.82 | 81.60 | 38.20 |
Jul-15 | 26.94 | 82.20 | 143.60 |
Aug-15 | 25.79 | 83.40 | 178.40 |
Sep-15 | 26.49 | 83.30 | 99.40 |
Oct-15 | 25.86 | 84.80 | 201.60 |
Nov-15 | 25.22 | 89.80 | 592.80 |
Dec-15 | 25.13 | 87.81 | 259.00 |
Jan-16 | 25.69 | 85.61 | 136.60 |
Feb-16 | 26.64 | 85.10 | 104.60 |
Fig. 2.
Temperature and rainfall data of Tasik Kenyir from March 2015 until February 2016.
Fig. 3.
Humidity (%RH) data of Tasik Kenyir from March 2015 until February 2016.
1.1. Experimental design, materials, and methods
The biodiversity assessment was carried out from March 2015 until February 2016 in Tasik Kenyir (Table 1). A random forest plot with 25 m x 25 m subplots were established to determine the tree species composition in an area. A total of 20 baited traps and a modified Pennsylvanian light-trapping were set up randomly in the forested area to catch butterflies and bees [1,2], respectively. Aerial netting and visual encounter survey (VES) were conducted along 1 km sampling transect during butterflies [1,2] and reptile assessment, respectively. Point count was conducted twice a day and eight mist nets were deployed at the presumable bird fly [5]. A total of eight mist nets and 100 cage traps were deployed to capture volant [12,13] and non-volant small mammals [[14], [15], [16], [17]], respectively. All flora and faunal species were measured and identified. The assessment data was compiled with published data [[1], [2], [3], [4],6,7,14] to have the comprehensive species checklist in Tasik Kenyir.
To highlight the relationship of forest as the main habitat for diversity and abundance of selected taxa, micro-climate data such as temperature (oC), humidity (%RH) and rainfall (mm) was downloaded from the nearest weather station near Tasik Kenyir at Kuala Berang owned by the Malaysian Meteorological Department (http://www.met.gov.my/). The micro-climate data from March 2015 until March 2016 was tabulated in Table 9 and been summarised in Fig. 2, Fig. 3. The collective micro-climate data was analysed using R Studio software and the average mean value was taken to represent the monthly climate value for temperature, humidity and amount of rainfall [17]. The Table 9 data was paired with Shannon and Simpson indices driven form taxa checklists collected from primary data analysis using R Studio.
Author contribution
Mohd Noor Afiq Ramlee: Participated in all experiments, coordinated the data-analysis and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
Mohd Fadli Hussin: Participated in data analysis and data collection.
Azuan Roslan: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Mammals).
Fathihi Hakimi Rosmid: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Insect).
Elizabeth Pesiu: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Plant).
Noor Aisyah A Rahim: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Mammals & Plant).
Nur Izzah Izzati Ahmad: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Mammals).
Gertrude David: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Birds).
Amirah Azizah Zakaria: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Reptile).
Nur Amalina Adanan: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Insect).
Hasrulzaman Hassan Basri: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Mammals, Reptile).
Muhammad Syamsul Aznan Ariffin: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Reptile).
Candyrilla Vera Bartholomew: Participated in site monitoring and data collection (Plants & Birds).
Muhamad Aidil Zahidin: Participate in manuscript design, data arrangement and writing.
Mohd Safiih Lola: Participate in manuscript design, data analysis and planning.
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah: Lead research project, planning, design research materials, organized the study and contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
Acknowledgments
We thank the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) for the administration and logistic support, and the Department of Forestry Peninsular Malaysia (JH/100 Jld. 11(22) and the Department of Wildlife and National Park (DWNP) Peninsular Malaysia (600-2/2/21-5 [17], 100-34/1.24-5 [15&16], T-00370-16-16, 60-4/1.13-21[55], T-00372-16-16, 100-34/1.24-6[21]) for the research permits. This study was supported by Trans-Disciplinary Research Grant Scheme (TRGS/2015/59373), Niche Research Grant Scheme (NRGS/2015/5313/2 & 6), Geopark Kenyir Development Fund (KGDR/2015/53167/3) and Geran Galakan Penyelidikan (GGP/2014/68007/127). All the grants were awarded to MT Abdullah and colleagues.
Footnotes
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105328.
Contributor Information
Mohd Noor Afiq Ramlee, Email: p3310@pps.umt.edu.my.
Mohd Tajuddin Abdullah, Email: mohd.tajuddin@umt.edu.my.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Appendix A. Supplementary data
The following are the Supplementary data to this article:
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