Skip to main content
PMC home page
Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research logoLink to Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research
. 2013 Jul 19;15(5):224–232. doi: 10.1179/135100010X12826446921545

Dose-dependent effect of galangin on fructose-mediated insulin resistance and oxidative events in rat kidney

Allur S Sivakumar 1, P Viswanathan 2, Carani V Anuradha 1
PMCID: PMC7067339  PMID: 21062538

Abstract

Galangin is an antioxidant flavonol present in high concentrations in the rhizome of Alpinia galanga. We investigated the effect of galangin on whole-body insulin resistance and kidney oxidative stress in a fructose-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups containing six animals each. Groups I and VI received a starch-based control diet, while groups II, III, IV and V were fed a high fructose diet (60 g/100 g). Groups III, IV and V additionally received galangin (50, 100 and 200 μg/kg body weight, respectively) while group VI received 200 μg galangin/kg body weight. At the end of 60 days, fructose-fed rats exhibited insulin resistance, increased levels of peroxidation end products and diminished antioxidant status. galangin, dose-dependently normalized blood glucose and insulin levels. The minimum effective dose was 100 μg galangin/kg body weight. At this dose, galangin also prevented the development of insulin resistance and the exaggerated the response to oral glucose challenge. The oxidant–antioxidant balance was maintained by galangin. Micro-albuminuria and tubular and glomerular changes observed in fructose-treated rats were significantly prevented by galangin (100 μg/kg body weight). These findings imply that galangin potentiates insulin sensitivity and antioxidant capacity and reduces renal damage in this dietary model of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: FRUCTOSE, GALANGIN, INSULIN RESISTANCE, KIDNEY, ANTIOXIDANTS

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (270.3 KB).

References

  • 1.Wajchenberg BL, Malerbi DA, Rocha MS, Lerario AC, Santomauro AT. Syndrome X: a syndrome of insulin resistance. Epidemiological and clinical evidence. Diabetes Metab Rev 1994; 10: 19–29. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 683–689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Elliot SS, Keint NL, Stem JS, Teff K, Havel PJ. Fructose weight gain and the insulin resistance syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 911–922. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Basciano H, Federico L, Fructose Adeli A., insulin resistance and metabolic dyslipidemia. Nutr Metab 2005; 2: 5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Faure P, Rossini E, Lafond JL, Richard MJ, Favier A, Halimi S. Vitamin E improves the free radical defense system potential and insulin sensitivity of rats fed high fructose diets. J Nutr 1997; 127: 103–107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Xi L, Qian Z, Xu G et al. Beneficial impact of crocetin, a carotenoid from saffron, on insulin sensitivity in fructose-fed rats. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18: 64–72. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Thirunavukkarasu T, Anitha Nandhini AT, Anuradha CV. Cardiac lipids and antioxidant status in high fructose rats and the effect of a-lipoic acid. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2004; 14: 351–357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Raffacle C, Nicola M. Inhibitory effect of the plant flavonoid galangin on rat vas deferens in vitro. Life Sci 2003; 72: 2993–3001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Shih H, Pickwell GV, Quattrochi LC. Differential effects of flavonoid compounds on tumor promoter-induced activation of human CYP1 A2 enhancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 373: 287–294. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Havsteen BH. Flavonoids, a class of natural products of high pharmacological potency. Biochem Pharmacol 1983; 32: 1141–1148. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Cacho J, Sevillano J, De Castro J, Herrera E, Ramos MP. Validation of simple indexes to assess insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Physiol 2008; 295: E1269–E1276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K et al. Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index: a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2402–2410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Dodge JT, Mitchell G, Hanaban DJ. The preparation and chemical characteristics of haemoglobin free ghosts of human red cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1963; 180: 119–130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Nieuhas WG, Samuelson S. Formation of malondialdehyde from phospholipids arachidonate during microsomal lipid peroxidation. Eur J Biol Chem 1968; 6: 126–130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Jiang ZY, Hunt JV, Wolf SP. Detection of lipid hydroperoxides using the FOX method. Anal Biochem 1992; 202: 384–389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Levine RL, Garland Oliver CNL. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol 1990; 186: 464–478. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Drabkin DL, Austin IM. Spectrophotometric contents for common haemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood, J Biol Chem 1932; 98: 719-733.
  • 18.Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Anitha Nandhini AT, Balakrishnan SD, Anuradha CV. Taurine modulates antioxidant potential and control lipid peroxidation in the aorta high fructose-fed rats. J Biochem Mol Biol Biophys 2002; 6: 129–133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Reddy SS, Ramatholisamma P, Karuna R, Saralakumari D. Preventive effect of Tinospora cordifolia against high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47: 2224–2229. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Bezerra RM, Ueno M, Silva MS, Tavaves DQ, Can/1h° CR, Saad MJ. A high fructose diet affects the early step of insulin action in muscle and liver rats. J Nutr 2000; 130: 1531–1535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Wolff SP, Dean RT. Glucose autooxidation and protein modification. The potential role of autooxidative glycation in diabetes. J Biochem 1987; 245: 243–250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Faure P, Rossine E, Lafond JL, Richard MJ, Halimis Favier A.. Vitamin E improves the free radical defense system potential and insulin sensitivity of rats fed high fructose diets. Nut Meta 1996; 103–107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Senthil E, Malarvili T. The protective action of Dolichous riflorus. L in fructose fed rats. J Cell Tissue Res 2009; 9: 1872–1830. [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Datta K, Sinha 5, Chattopadhyay P. Reactive oxygen species in health and diseases. Natl Med J India 2000; 13: 304–310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Oda A, Barmai C, Yamoka T, Kotari T, Matsushima T, Yamashita K. Inactivation of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase by in vitro glycosylation in erythrocytes of diabetic patients. Holm Metab Res 1994; 26: 1–4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.So FV, Guthrie N, Chambers AF, Carroll KK. Inhibition of proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by flavonoids in the presence and absence of excess estrogen. Cancer Lett 1997; 112: 127–133. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Wall ME, Wani MC, Manikumar G et al. Plant antimutagenic agents. 2. Flavonoids. J Nat Products 1988; 51: 1084–1091. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Cholbi MR, Paya M, Alcaraz MJ. Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds on CC14-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation. Experientia 1991; 47: 195–199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Laskar RA, Sk I, Roy N, Begum NA. Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituent. Food Chem 2010; 122: 233–237. [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Ebringer L, Dobias J, Krajovi J, Polonyi J, Krikova L, Lahitova N. Antimutagens reduce ofloxacin-induced bleaching in Euglena gracilis. Mutat Res 1996; 359: 85–93. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Tolomeo M, Grimaudo S, Di Cristina A et al. Galangin increases the cytotoxic activity of imatinib mesylate in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl expressing leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 265: 289–297. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Srividhya 5, Anuradha CV. Metformin improves liver antioxidant potential in rats feed a high fructose diet. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 2002; 11: 319–322. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Evens JL, Goldfme ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and cell dysfunction? Diabetes 2003; 52: 1–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 35.Araki E, Murakami T, Shirotani T. A cluster of four Sp 1 binding sites required for efficient expression of the human insulin receptor gene. J Biol Chem 1991; 6: 3944–3948. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Silva D, Rodrigues AS, Gaspar J, Laires A, Rueff J. Metabolism of galangin by rat cytochromes P450: relevance to the genotoxicity of galangin. Mutat Res 1997; 393: 247–257. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Matsui T, Kobayashi M, Hayashida S, Matsumoto K. Lutcolin, a flavone, does not suppress postprandial glucose absorption through an inhibition of alpha-glucosidase action. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002; 66: 689–692. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Catena C, Cavarape A, Novello M, Giacchetti G. Insulin receptors and renal sodium handling in hypertensive fructose-fed rats. Kidney Int 2003; 64: 2163–2171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research are provided here courtesy of Taylor & Francis

RESOURCES