Table 5.
Analytical methods for isothiazolinones determination in different products.
| Analyte | Matrix | Sample Preparation | Analytical Technique | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sea-Nine 211 (DCOIT) | Marine sediments | FUSE/SPE clean-up; SBSE/TD pre-concentration step | GC-MS/MS | [97] |
| MCI, BIT, OIT, DCOIT | Water-based adhesive/Food contact material | Vortex extraction | HPLC-MS/MS | [98] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT | Human hygiene consumer products | UAE | HPLC-MS | [87] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT, DCOIT | Building and consumer products | SPE; ASE; UAE | GC-MS; UPLC-MS/MS | [88] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT | Residential interior wall paints | LLE | UPLC-MS/MS | [85] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT | Detergents and cosmetics | UAE | LC-MS | [94] |
| MI, MCI, BIT | Water-borne adhesives | SLE | HPLC-DAD | [99] |
| MI, MCI | Cosmetic products | Mechanical shaking | UPLC-MS/MS | [100] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT, DCOIT | Polyvinyl alcohol cooling towels | Mechanical shaking | LC-MS/MS | [101] |
| MI, MCI | Adhesives for food packaging | HF-LPME | HPLC-DAD | [102] |
| MI, MCI | Cosmetics, cleaning agents, pharmaceuticals | UAE | UPLC-DAD | [103] |
| MI, MCI | Cosmetics, pharmaceuticals | UAE | HPLC-DAD | [89] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT | Cosmetics and household products | MSPD | HPLC-MS/MS | [93] |
| MI, CMI, OIT | Gel-products used for cooling | Mechanical shaking | LC-MS/MS | [104] |
| BIT, OIT, DCOIT | Surface water, wastewater, sediment, sludge, soil | SPE, UAE | UPLC-MS/MS | [90] |
| MI, MCI | Cosmetic products | UAE | HPLC-DAD | [105] |
| MI MCI, DCOIT | Drinking waters, surface waters, wastewater | Filtration | HPLC-MS/MS | [106] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT | Paper used for food packaging | UAE | UPLC-MS/MS | [95] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT, DCOIT | Facade run-off waters | SPE | HPLC-MS/MS | [91] |
| BIT, OIT | Wastewater, river water | SPE | LC-MS/MS | [107] |
| MI, MCI | Cosmetics | UAE | UPLC-DAD | [96] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT, DCOI | Surface waters, groundwater, drinking water | LLE, SPE | GC-MS | [83] |
| MI, MCI, BIT, OIT | Non-formalin adhesives | LLE, SPE | GC-MS | [86] |
| MI, MCI | Cosmetics | Separation and purification by column chromatography | HPLC-DAD | [108] |
FUSE, focused ultrasound-assisted extraction; SLE, solid-liquid extraction; SPE, solid-phase extraction; SBSE, stir bar sorptive extraction; TD, thermal desorption system; UAE, ultrasonic-assisted extraction; ASE, accelerated solvent extraction; LLE, liquid–liquid extraction; HF-LPME, three-phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction; MSPD, matrix solid-phase dispersion.