. 2020 Feb 4;12(2):403. doi: 10.3390/nu12020403

Table 3.

Outcome variables at the end of follow-up in the three intervention groups with severe obesity, Brazil, 2016 (n = 97).

	Olive Oil (n = 28)	DieTBra (n = 32)	Olive Oil + DieTBra (n = 37)	All	Olive Oil × DieTBra	Olive Oil × Olive Oil + DieTBra	DieTBra × Olive Oil + DieTBra
Outcomes	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p	p	p	p
BMD spine total (g/cm²)	1.092 ± 0.139	1.145 ± 0.157 ^a	1.044 ± 0.177 ^a	0.040 *	0.178 ***	0.246 ***	0.016 ***
BMD hip total (g/cm²)	1.214 ± 0.125	1.244 ± 0.151	1.164 ± 0.149	0.066 *	0.397 ***	0.157 ***	0.029 ***
Serum calcium (mg/dL)	9.8 ± 0.5	9.6 ± 0.6	9.5 ± 0.5	0.092 *	0.137 ***	0.026 ***	0.535 ***
Vit. D serum (ng/mL)	31.3 ± 9.8	31.7 ± 9.7	31.5 ± 9.9	0.988 *	0.879 ***	0.947 ***	0.926 ***
PTH (pg/mL)	45.9 ± 16.4	44.6 ± 13.6	47.5 ± 15.2	0.721 *	0.710 ***	0.688 ***	0.404 ***
Dietary calcium (mg/day)	362.4 ± 257.4	341.1 ± 263.6	358.0 ± 238.2	0.930 *	0.731 ***	0.940 ***	0.768 ***
Dietary vitamin D (µcg/day)	1.9 ± 2.1	3.3 ± 3.6	1.9 ± 1.9	0.257 **	0.220 ****	0.712 ****	0.124 ****
Energy intake (kcal/day)	1529.9 ± 885.0 ^a	1104.1 ± 609.7 ^a,b	1397.3 ± 567.0 ^b	0.002 **	0.019 ***	0.443 ***	0.031 ***
Protein intake (%TEV)	13.2 ± 7.1	15.9 ± 8.6	14.9 ± 7.2	0.336 *	0.157 ***	0.315 ***	0.593 ***

BMD (bone mineral density), Vit. D (vitamin D), PTH (parathyroid hormone), SD (standard deviation), TEV (total energy value), all (comparison between the three groups), olive oil (extra virgin olive oil group), DieTBra (traditional Brazilian diet group), olive oil + DieTBra (extra virgin olive oil group + traditional Brazilian diet). * ANOVA. ** Kruskal–Wallis (energy–normal distribution, but without homoscedasticity; dietary vitamin D with non-normal distribution). *** Student’s t-test. **** Mann–Whitney. Means followed by the same letter are statistically different from each other. Bold (value p < 0.05).