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. 2020 Feb 3;9(2):356. doi: 10.3390/cells9020356

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effect of CS extract on TGF-β1 mRNA release, the effect of TGF-β1 on TGF-β1-induced EMT in pHAE cells. (A) TGF-β1 mRNA was measured of cells exposed for 24 h to the indicated CSE concentrations. (B) Gene expressions of AKAP1, AKAP11, AKAP12, AKAP95, Ezrin, and Yotiao were studied by real-time quantitative PCR. (C,D) Protein expressions of E-cadherin and collagen I were analyzed in pHAE cells were transfected with a combination siRNA of Ezrin, AKAP95, and Yotiao together with 3 ng/mL TGF-β1. (E) Representative immunofluorescence images of EMT markers in pHAE cells after TGF-β1 stimulation for 24 h. The data represent 3–5 independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, * p < 0.05; significant difference between indicated groups.