Table 1.

Phenotypic and genotypic features of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from cattle, pigs, and poultry.

Host/Species	No. of Strains	Resistance Phenotype		Resistance Genotype		MLST
		MIC [µg/mL] Vancomycin	Additional Resistances1	Resistance Genes	Tn1546 Type
Cattle
E. faecalis	1	≥128	–	dfrE, emeA, efrA, efrB, lsaA, vanA	I	29
Pigs
E. faecium	1	≥256	PEN, ERY, TE	aac(6′)-Ii, eat(A)v, cadA, cadC, copZ, czrA, merA, merR, tetW/N/W, vanA, zosA	II	133
E. faecium	5	≥256	PEN, TE	aac(6′)-Ii, eat(A)v, cadA, cadC, copZ, czrA, merA, merR, tetW/N/W, vanA, zosA	II	133
Poultry
E. faecium	1	≥256	ERY	aac(6′)-Ii, aadK, eat(A)v, vanA	II	13
E. faecium	1	≥256	PEN	aac(6′)-Ii, aadK, eat(A)v, vanA	II	157
E. faecium	1	≥256	–	aac(6′)-Ii, aadK, eat(A)v, vanA	II	157
E. faecium	3	≥256	ERY	aac(6′)-Ii, aadK, eat(A)v, vanA	II	310
E. durans	1	≥256	TE	aac(6′)-Iid, tetW/N/W, vanA	I	–
E. durans	2	≥256	ERY, TE	aac(6′)-Iid, ermB, vanA	I	–
E. durans	1	256	ERY, TE	aac(6′)-Iid, ermB tetW/N/W, vanA	I	–
E. durans	1	≥256	TE	aac(6′)-Iid, ermB, tetW/N/W, vanA	II	–
E. durans	1	≥256	ERY, TE	aac(6′)-Iid, ermB tetW/N/W, vanA	II	–
E. durans	3	≥256	ERY, TE	aac(6′)-Iid, ermB tetW/N/W, vanA	III	–
E. durans	1	≥256	TE	aac(6′)-Iid, tetW/N/W, vanA	III	–

Abbreviations: aac(6′)-Ii and aac(6′)-Iid: genes for aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferases; aadK, aminoglycoside 6-adenylyl-transferase; cadA, cadC, cadmium resistance genes; cop, copper resistance gene; czrA, metal transport repressor gene; dfrE, dihydrofolate reductase gene; eat(A)v, allelic variant of eat(A) gene for resistance to lincosamides, streptogramins A, and pleuromutilins (LSAP); emeA, enterococcal multidrug resistance efflux gene; efrA, efrB, ABC multidrug efflux pump genes; ermB, gene for 23S ribosomal RNA methyl-transferase; lsaA, active efflux ABC transporter gene for intrinsic LSAP resistance; merA, merR, mercury resistance genes; MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration; MLST, multilocus sequence type; tetW/N/W, mosaic tetracycline resistance gene and ribosomal protection protein; vanA, vancomycin resistance gene; zosA, zinc transporter gene.