Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| HIV-uninfected (HIV-) (n=534) |
HIV-infected (HIV+) (n=589) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 60.1 (11.9) | 54.2 (11.2) | <0.001 |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Caucasian | 384 (71.9) | 304 (51.6) | |
| Black | 103 (19.3) | 173 (29.4) | |
| Hispanic/other | 47 (8.8) | 112 (19.0) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 27.6 (5.3) | 26.6 (4.8) | 0.001 |
| Enrolled after 2001 (%) | 181 (33.9) | 365 (62.0) | <0.001 |
| ≥12 years of formal education (%) | 518 (97.0) | 542 (92.0) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use >13 drinks per week (%) | 58 (11.0) | 45 (7.6) | 0.069 |
| Tobacco use (%) | 0.001 | ||
| Never smoker | 180 (34.0) | 180 (30.6) | |
| Former smoker | 256 (48.4) | 251 (42.6) | |
| Current smoker | 93 (17.6) | 158 (26.8) | |
| Opioid use (%) | 40 (7.5) | 50 (8.5) | 0.63 |
| On hypertension medications (%) | 210 (39.5) | 225 (38.2) | 0.71 |
| On diabetes medications (%) | 58 (10.9) | 66 (11.2) | 0.95 |
| On cholesterol lowering medications (%) | 205 (38.5) | 229 (38.9) | 0.95 |
| On QT prolonging medication (%) | 78 (14.6) | 90 (15.3) | 0.82 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.6 (15.3) | 128.7 (15.8) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 93 [85, 102] | 93 [85, 103] | 0.60 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) * | 181.7 (41.2) | 178.7 (40.4) | 0.22 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) * | 54.0 (14.1) | 50.0 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) * | 92 [68, 132] | 116 [79, 175] | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) * | 0.94 [0.86, 1.07] | 1.05 [0.91,1.20] | <0.001 |
| HIV Disease Factors | |||
| Detectable (>20 copies/mL) HIV RNA (%) | 103 (17.5) | ||
| Viral load (among detectable) | 165 [57, 1389] | ||
| CD4+ T-cell count (cells/mm3) | 698 [521, 906] | ||
| Nadir CD4+ T-cell count (cells/mm3) | 330 [212, 453] | ||
| On HAART (%) | 541 (91.9) | ||
| Duration of HAART (years) | 12.7 [5.2, 16.9] | ||
| On protease inhibitors (%) | 173 (29.4) | ||
| Duration of PI use (years) | 5.0 [0, 12.1] | ||
| History of Clinical AIDS (%) | 62 (10.5) | ||
| Serum inflammatory biomarkers (n= 219 HIV−/344 HIV+) | |||
| CRP (ug/mL) | 1.02 [0.55, 1.86] | 1.18 [0.63, 2.42] | 0.11 |
| Fibrinogen (mL/dL) | 336 [293, 377] | 318 [273, 356] | 0.001 |
| ICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 229 [196, 273] | 259 [210, 315] | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.29 [0.90, 2.03] | 1.47 [0.97, 2.18] | 0.13 |
| MCP1 (pg/mL) | 235 [183, 312] | 276 [216, 346] | <0.001 |
| sCD14 (ng/mL) | 1308 [1167, 1472] | 1589 [1390, 1818] | <0.001 |
| sCD163 (ng/mL) | 547 [445, 684] | 667 [519, 881] | <0.001 |
| sTNF-R1 (pg/mL) | 1142 [953, 1349] | 1174 [958, 1463] | 0.081 |
| sTNF-R2 (ng/mL) | 5875 [5021, 6847] | 6625 [5407, 7947] | <0.001 |
Categorical variables shown as count (%) and continuous variables as mean (SD) or median [Q1, Q3] if data were skewed.
*
n= 478 HIV-/515 HIV+ for triglycerides, 524 HIV-/576 HIV+ for serum creatinine, and 522 HIV-/577 HIV+ for total and HDL cholesterol.