Abstract Abstract
Studies on aquatic Diptera in the Plitvice Lakes National Park (Croatia) conducted in the last 50 years have produced 157 species and 7 taxa of aquatic Diptera placed in 13 families. Samples were collected at 25 sampling sites representing the four main types of karst aquatic habitats: spring, stream, tufa barriers and lakes. All records of all the aquatic families of Diptera in Plitvice Lakes NP are summarized, including previously unpublished data. Twelve species new for Plitvice Lakes NP are recorded for the first time, belonging to the families: Chironomidae – Labrundinia longipalpis (Goetghebuer, 1921), Nilothauma brayi (Goetghebuer, 1921), Potthastia longimanus Kieffer, 1922, Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804), Tanytarsus brundini Lindeberg, 1963; Dixidae – Dixella autumnalis (Meigen, 1838); Scathophagidae – Acanthocnema latipennis Becker, 1894 and Stratiomyidae – Oxycera pardalina Meigen, 1822, Oxycera limbata Loew, 1862, Oxycera turcica Ustuner & Hasbenli, 2004, Nemotelus pantherinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Oplodontha viridula (Fabricius, 1775). The most species-rich family was the Chironomidae with 62 species (and an additional seven taxa), followed by the Empididae with 22 species and Limoniidae with 19 species. The highest number of species was recorded in springs. The relatively low number of species in certain families and the complete absence of some aquatic families shows that further research into the aquatic Diptera in Plitvice Lakes NP is needed.
Keywords: Barrage lake system, Chironomidae , Empididae , Limoniidae , new records, Oxycera spp.
Introduction
Most people probably know true flies (Diptera) mainly as a nuisance and as disease-carrying blood-sucking insects, but Diptera are also key players in the recycling of organic material in ecosystems, from the sewage of our urban communities to the leaf litter of the forest floor. In addition, Diptera provide other general ecosystem services such as pollination and pest control, but are also vectors of disease as terrestrial adults (Pape 2009; Marshall 2012; Adler and Courtney 2019).
More than any other group of macro-organisms, Diptera dominate the freshwater environment and are the most numerous group in terms of described species in freshwaters. Nearly one-third of all described fly species, roughly 46,000 species, have some connection with an aquatic environment during development process (Adler and Courtney 2019). Their abundance, omnipresence, and diversity of adaptations to the aquatic environment, position them as major drivers of ecosystem processes (Hölker et al. 2015). Fly larvae are well represented as ecosystem engineers and keystone species that alter the abiotic and biotic environments through activities such as burrowing, grazing, suspension feeding, and predation (Wotton et al. 1998; Adler and Courtney 2019). The enormous populations sometimes achieved by aquatic flies can provide the sole or major dietary component for other organisms, and as both predators and herbivores, they can serve as biological control agents (Collins and Blackwell 2000; Werner and Pont 2003; Adler and Courtney 2019). They serve as indicators of historical and future ecological and climate change while at the same time they have played a role as indicators of water quality from the earliest years of bioassessment (Walker 1987; Mihaljević et al. 1998; Larocque et al. 2001; Adler and Courtney 2019).
As holometabolous insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, all aquatic Diptera have a life cycle that includes a series of distinct stages or instars. A typical life cycle consists of a brief egg stage (usually a few days or weeks, but sometimes much longer), three or four larval instars (usually three in Brachycera, four in lower Diptera, and more in Simuliidae, Tabanidae, Thaumaleidae, some Chironomidae, and a few others), a pupal stage of varying length, and an adult stage lasting from less than two hours (Deuterophlebiidae) to several weeks or even months (Courtney et al. 2017; Lackmann and Butler 2018; Adler and Courtney 2019).
From all types of aquatic habitats, including tree holes to open oceans, and glacial meltwaters to hot springs, Diptera are the true conquerors of the aquatic environment. They have been found at elevations up to 5600 m in the Himalayas and at depths of more than 1000 m in Lake Baikal. Furthermore, the presence of Diptera species in mainland Antarctica (e.g., Belgica antarctica Jacobs, 1900) makes them the only group of insects inhabiting all of the world’s continents (Allegrucci et al. 2006; Ferrington et al. 2008; Adler and Courtney 2019). Aquatic Diptera are free-living insects that require a wet environment in at least one life stage (Adler and Courtney 2019) or, more strictly, aquatic Diptera are considered as those associated with water bodies (Courtney et al. 2017). Out of 158 dipteran families worldwide, 41 have aquatic representatives (Adler and Courtney 2019), and in Europe there are 130 dipteran families of which about 25 are related to aquatic habitats (Oosterbroek 2006).
Plitvice Lakes form the oldest National Park in the Balkan region and is probably one of the most famous National Parks in Europe because of its exquisite beauty. Plitvice Lakes NP was established as a National Park in 1949, and from 1979 Plitvice lakes NP has been a UNESCO world natural heritage site (Stilinović and Božičević 1998). Its importance is not only scientific, as a unique karstic phenomenon, but also as a place of huge economic importance for the local community as more than a million people per year come to visit it.
Materials and methods
Study site
Plitvice Lakes National Park (NP) is a 295 km2 forest reserve located in the karst region of the Dinaric Mountains in Croatia. The Plitvice Lakes barrage lake system consists of 16 oligotrophic, dimictic and fluvial lakes divided by tufa barriers that form an approximately 8.2 km long barrage system. The lakes are characterised by a low organic solute concentration, supersaturation with calcium salts, pH > 8.0, and the presence of algae and mosses mediating tufa barriers formation (Srdoč et al. 1985; Stilinović and Božičević 1998). After the confluence of the Bijela rijeka and Crna rijeka Rivers, they form the Matica River which is the main surface-water supplier of the lakes (Stilinović and Božičević 1998). According to the Köppen climate classification, this area is influenced by temperate and boreal climates (Šegota and Filipčić 2003).
Specimen records
This paper is based on unpublished data from our own research and on published data gleaned from the literature. Each record was georeferenced using ArcGIS software. The names of taxa presented in this checklist reflect current nomenclature and classifications (Yang et al. 2007; Ashe and O’Connor 2009, 2012; Pape and Beuk 2012; Adler and Crosskey 2018; Ivković et al. 2019; Oosterbroek 2019; Starý 2019). Locality records are listed for each species. A list of locality names including latitude, longitude, altitude, and number code for each locality is given in Table 1, and a map with all sites plotted is provided as Figure 1. Photographs of several studied sites are also given (Figs 2–7). Adult specimens were collected using emergence traps (details in Ivković et al. 2013a), sweep nets, yellow pan traps and aspirators, whereas larvae were collected by Surber sampler (25 × 25 cm) and kick-net sampler (25 × 25 cm, 500 µm mesh size). Specimens were preserved in 80% or 96% ethanol (EtOH). We identified the specimens to species level using Thomas (1997) for Athericidae; Reiss and Fittkau (1971); Bitušík (2000), Langton and Pinder (2007a, 2007b), Andersen et al. (2013), Bitušík and Hamerlík (2014), Vallenduuk (2017) for Chironomidae; Disney (1999) for Dixidae; Engel (1938–1946) for Empididae; Gorodkov (1988) for Scathophagidae; and Rozkošný and Kniepert (2000) for Stratiomyidae.
Table 1.
Sampling sites in National Park Plitvice Lakes, Croatia.
| Site Name | Site ID | Latitude / Longitude | Elevation (m) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP | 1 | 44°49'58"N, 15°33'25"E | 720 |
| Upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP | 2 | 44°50'04"N, 15°33'33"E | 715 |
| Plitvički Ljeskovac, Plitvice Lakes NP | 3 | 44°50'27"N, 15°35'40"E | 668 |
| Spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP | 4 | 44°50'14"N, 15°36'28"E | 680 |
| Upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP | 5 | 44°50'10"N, 15°36'30"E | 670 |
| Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP | 6 | 44°50'22"N, 15°35'59"E | 665 |
| Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP | 7 | 44°51'33"N, 15°36'09"E | 635 |
| Tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP | 8 | 44°52'17"N, 15°35'59"E | 630 |
| Lake Okrugljak, Plitvice Lakes NP | 9 | 44°52'23"N, 15°35'56"E | 626 |
| Lake Batinovac, Plitvice Lakes NP | 10 | 44°52'16"N, 15°36'11"E | 624 |
| Tufa barrier Batinovac-Crno Lake-Malo Lake-Vir, Plitvice Lakes NP | 11 | 44°52'25"N, 15°36'10"E | 603 |
| Tufa barrier Batinovac-Galovac, Plitvice Lakes NP | 12 | 44°52'21"N, 15°36'15"E | 605 |
| Tufa barrier Galovac-Milino, Plitvice Lakes NP | 13 | 44°52'32"N, 15°36'29"E | 594 |
| Lake Gradinsko, Plitvice Lakes NP | 14 | 44°52'39"N, 15°36'37"E | 565 |
| Tufa barrier Burget-Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP | 15 | 44°52'47"N, 15°36'53"E | 547 |
| Riječica, Plitvice Lakes NP | 16 | 44°52'27"N, 15°36'47"E | 555 |
| Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP | 17 | 44°52'40"N, 15°37'07"E | 535 |
| Tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac,Plitvice Lakes NP | 18 | 44°53'39"N, 15°36'32"E | 545 |
| Tufa barrier Milke Trnine, Plitvice Lakes NP | 19 | 44°53'53"N, 15°36'39"E | 540 |
| Tufa barrier Gavanovac-Kaluđerovac, Plitvice Lakes NP | 20 | 44°53'58"N, 15°36'39"E | 537 |
| Lake Kaluđerovac, Plitvice Lakes NP | 21 | 44°54'02"N, 15°36'40"E | 535 |
| Tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP | 22 | 44°54'08"N, 15°36'38"E | 505 |
| Stream Sartuk, Plitvice Lakes NP | 23 | 44⁰55'57"N, 15⁰33'10"E | 765 |
| Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP | 24 | 44°54'08"N, 15°36'27"E | 555 |
| Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP | 25 | 44°55'33"N, 15°37'09"E | 390 |
Figure 1.
Sampling sites in Plitvice Lakes National Park (see Table 1 for codes).
Figure 2.
Spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Figure 7.
Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Figure 3.
Crna Rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Figure 4.
Tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Figure 5.
Tufa barrier Galovac-Milino, Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Figure 6.
Lake Kaluđerovac and Tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Results and discussion
List of aquatic Diptera of National Park Plitvice Lakes
The following format is used for the distribution data: literature references (name of the site and in parentheses the citation of site ID and the reference); new records (life stage in which the identifications were made, i.e., adult ♂, ♀ and larvae, name of the site and in parentheses the site ID, date of collection and the collector if possible). New species for Plitvice Lakes NP are listed with an asterisk before the name of the species. All the sites and site ID are listed in Table 1.
Family Athericidae
Ibisia marginata
(Fabricius, 1781)
87CDF707-0E08-5F6B-A99C-2D9E7130BA9F
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Burget-Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (15) (Sertić Perić et al. 2014).
New records.
• 1♂; tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8); 26 Jul. 2010; M. Ivković leg. • 1♂; tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18); 28 Jun. 2012; M. Ivković leg. • 1♀; same site; 25 Jul. 2014; M. Ivković leg. • 3♂, 6♀; tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22); 25 Jul. 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 10♂, 21♀; same site; 30 Aug. 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 1♂, 6♀; Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25); 29 Aug. 2008; M. Ivković leg.
Family Chironomidae
Subfamily Chironominae
Cryptochironomus (Cryptochironomus) albofasciatus
(Staeger, 1839)
C25483A9-BCAA-5756-A30C-26DCDA9C5869
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Dicrotendipes nervosus
(Staeger, 1839)
BCA923D9-A870-5C06-AF15-E0DA80FF9BA9
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Limnochironomus nervosus (Staeger, 1839) in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971), an accepted synonym of D. nervosus in Spies and Saether (2013).
Endochironomus gr. dispar sensu
Moller Pillot, 2009
2C07335F-D686-55CD-BB7D-5ECB13DFCC1B
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Einfeldia dissidens
(Walker, 1856)
AC71FAC3-99E1-50B8-A797-99456A8D11FE
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Harnischia fuscimanus
Kieffer, 1921
73F2F850-B1DE-5D9E-BC00-694DE9D8BBAE
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Cryptochironomus fuscimanus Kieffer, 1921 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971) a synonym of H. fuscimanus in Moller Pillot (2009).
Micropsectra notescens
(Walker, 1856)
0BF98A90-1F03-5FEC-A5AE-C237C98AEB17
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Micropsectra uva
Giłka, Zakrzewska, Baranov & Dominiak, 2013
47831FF9-7B84-50AD-B9C9-FD7D21615E4E
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Giłka et al. 2013, Ivković et al. 2015) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Microtendipes pedellus
(De Geer, 1776)
7AD95E4F-8FA6-5247-9EF2-86947B2F950D
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Microtendipes tarsalis
(Walker, 1856)
9718CB8D-D206-5524-912B-796BE9086763
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
*. Nilothauma brayi
(Goetghebuer, 1921)
4A527B62-F4C2-563B-AF64-2AF18BE0D2B2
New record.
• 1 larva; Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018.
Paracladopelma camptolabis
(Kieffer, 1913)
26F507B8-80FD-5B5C-BE25-2DBDF991A4AE
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Paratanytarsus lauterborni
(Kieffer, 1909)
9BE9F6E4-8671-5444-A1A7-1DBEFB5D0597
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Paratendipes albimanus
(Meigen, 1818)
ED8B64D7-62CA-587E-9888-522E65705FBD
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Phaenopsectra flavipes
(Meigen 1818)
60DD7E19-A4FD-5E1B-8675-71343BB0E986
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
New record.
• 24 larvae; Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018.
Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) exsectum
(Kieffer, 1916)
874B0C86-3490-527C-9D24-7E69CCCF9C25
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Pentapedilum exsectum Kieffer, 1913 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971), an accepted synonym of P. exsectum in Spies and Saether (2013).
*. Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum
(Meigen, 1804)
C5F9E341-88AA-502B-88E3-03CD1FCDF6B9
New record.
• 6 larvae; Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018.
Polypedilum (Tripodura) scalaenum
(Schrank, 1803)
730F9836-9806-572D-BCE9-E750CA6A3CF5
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Polypedilum breviantennatum Chernovskij, 1949 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971), an accepted synonym of P. scalaenum in Spies and Saether (2013).
Rheotanytarsus nigricauda
Fittkau, 1960
5DE20CEC-C723-5214-B07C-1A9BEA26EA8E
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Rheotanytarsus pentapoda
(Kieffer, 1909)
D547F5D3-0DEA-53C1-82C9-D43E49C0E251
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Galovac-Milino, Plitvice Lakes NP (13) • tufa barrier Burget-Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (15) • tufa barrier Milke Trnine, Plitvice Lakes NP (19) (Matoničkin et al. 1971, Matoničkin 1987).
Remark.
Mentioned as Rheotanytarsus lapidicola Kieffer, 1909 in Matoničkin et al. (1971) and Matoničkin (1987), an accepted synonym of R. pentapoda in Spies and Saether (2013).
Stempellina bausei
(Kieffer, 1911)
F11B51BB-293B-52C8-B92C-4DC42DA76E81
Literature references.
• Plitvički Ljeskovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (3) (Matoničkin 1987) • Lake Batinovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (10) (Matoničkin et al. 1971) • tufa barrier Batinovac-Crno Lake-Malo Lake-Vir, Plitvice Lakes NP (11) (Matoničkin 1987) • Lake Gradinsko, Plitvice Lakes NP (14) • tufa barrier Burget-Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (15) (Matoničkin et al. 1971).
New records.
• 50 larvae; Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7); 17 Sep. 2018 • 92 larvae; Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018.
*. Tanytarsus brundini
Lindeberg, 1963
DA0AFD92-C2A7-5BEE-9D7F-416BE7EBB886
New record.
• 2♂; tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18); 30 Jun. 2009; M. Ivković leg.
Tanytarsus heusdensis
Goetghebuer, 1923
D436D237-C01C-52DF-A202-90160E600DB8
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Zavrelia pentatoma
Kieffer & Bause, 1913
4BD0BA3D-F63B-50A6-9ED0-883C2C302DF7
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Zavreliella marmorata
(van der Wulp, 1859)
02FA1371-DEF8-503C-9AE3-FCE0AF32A705
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Subfamily Diamesinae
Diamesa (Diamesa) thomasi
Serra-Tosio, 1970
EEA5D26F-D309-50CD-AB33-AC6FEA476C20
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Baranov et al. 2012, Ivković et al. 2015).
Diamesa (Diamesa) tonsa
(Haliday in Walker, 1856)
0D33D5F2-6609-55AB-8E3F-4E603BECBD99
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
*. Potthastia longimanus
Kieffer, 1922
70DA206E-DE7C-5969-9ABC-FDD235AE6287
New record.
• 1 larva; Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018.
Subfamily Prodiamesinae
Monodiamesa bathyphila
(Kieffer, 1918)
90541D98-D274-526B-8B3C-CEE1D7E5867D
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Prodiamesa olivacea
(Meigen, 1818)
D4FD825E-7CCF-527C-9639-0945F0A16FD9
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015) • Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Matoničkin et al. 1971, Matoničkin 1987) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971) • tufa barrier Gavanovac-Kaluđervoac, Plitvice Lakes NP (20) (Matoničkin 1987) • Lake Kaluđerovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (21) (Matoničkin et al. 1971).
Subfamily Orthocladiinae
Acricotopus lucens
(Zetterstedt, 1850)
458FCB5C-CEF8-541C-BAE9-ACE4A26930B9
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Acricotopus lucidus Brundin, 1949 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971), mentioned as a synonym of A. lucens in Moller Pillot (2013).
Brillia bifida
(Kieffer, 1909)
231CEDE8-8356-5C18-A778-E2381911B244
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Brillia longifurca
Kieffer, 1921
B46F7BAB-4B89-56EE-9757-DA20D93E42B4
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Chaetocladius dentiforceps
(Edwards, 1929)
63081F75-2A40-59E1-83AE-A14E1F2D0180
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Chaetocladius melaleucus
(Meigen, 1818)
10FE5732-0FD7-59B2-9E9A-943AD597B6B1
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus
(Meigen, 1818)
E776E3FA-E8BE-5D24-9EFF-ECDC7D631BFD
Literature reference.
• Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Matoničkin, 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Trichocladius bicinctus (Meigen, 1818) in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971).
Cricotopus (Cricotopus) fuscus
(Kieffer, 1909)
1DD3F320-4329-5ADB-A3CA-B7F02DD2DE55
Literature reference.
• Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Matoničkin, 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Cricotopus (Cricotopus) biformis Edwards, 1929 in Matoničkin et al. (1971), known as a questionable synonym of C. (Cricotopus) fuscus in Ashe and O’Connor (2012).
Corynoneura lobata
Edwards, 1924
7EB70878-7EA5-5FD4-B886-7AFFB8D3B95D
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Eukiefferiella devonica
(Edwards, 1929)
CDE12BFA-6694-5BFC-98E0-F1C746703CB9
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Eukiefferiella gracei
(Edwards, 1929)
52582C76-0842-5086-8DF1-DC044BA68BE5
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Matoničkin et al. 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Eukiefferiella longicalcar Kieffer in Matoničkin et al. (1971), an accepted synonym of E. gracei in Spies and Saether (2013).
Eukiefferiella ilkleyensis
(Edwards, 1929)
473BD6F5-44E8-5340-BECC-3393F8302A2F
Literature reference.
• Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Matoničkin 1987).
Remark.
Mentioned as Plectrocladius eukiefferiella quadridentata Chernovskij, 1949 in Matoničkin (1987); see Discussion for more details.
Eukiefferiella minor
(Edwards, 1929)
AE2BDAB7-C0B2-55F8-A4E9-5F9E5F979C4C
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Epoicocladius ephemerae
(Kieffer, 1924)
523D5A20-3738-5B3E-9D9C-83F78EB83B2D
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Heterotrissocladius marcidus
(Walker, 1856)
4E67570B-C955-524E-AC43-A60F6AC9263D
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Limnophyes gurgicola
(Edwards, 1929)
2EEFF656-B8CB-58B0-91CB-82E3BEDC3FBE
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Limnophyes cf. minimus sensu
Langton & Pinder, 2007
86931162-9499-5280-94FB-6CD995301035
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Metriocnemus cf. albolineatus sensu
Langton & Pinder, 2007
A4809316-F30F-5C1E-A77B-1D06A1E5127A
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Metriocnemus eurynothus
(Holmgren, 1883)
ABC0FCDF-ADD6-5B24-86DC-E5EB09361848
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Metriocnemus intergerivus
Sæther, 1995
8FD409FF-11CD-56D6-8E12-5C47A6610D37
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Orthocladius (Mesorthocladius) frigidus
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
AB781654-BCB3-5CF1-B280-3BA2B2238F3B
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Paracladius conversus
(Walker, 1856)
BA2439DB-2038-542C-862A-72E68140865C
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Paratrichocladius inserpens Pankratova, 1970 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971), a synonym of P. conversus in Moller Pillot (2013).
Parametriocnemus stylatus
(Spaerck, 1923)
32BC2406-F9FF-517E-8B21-B1BA81A0A177
Literature references.
• Plitvički Ljeskovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (3) (Matoničkin 1987) • tufa barrier Burget-Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (15) (Matoničkin et al. 1971, Matoničkin 1987) • tufa barrier Gavanovac-Kaluđerovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (20) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Matoničkin 1987).
New records.
• 11 larvae; Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018 • 2♂; tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18); 30 Nov. 2009; M. Ivković leg.
Remark.
Mentioned as Limnophyes transcaucasicus Chernovskij, 1949 in Matoničkin et al. (1971) and Matoničkin (1987), a synonym of P. stylatus in Moller Pillot (2013).
Parametriocnemus cf. stylatus sensu
Moller Pillot, 2013
9928C8EF-BBC3-5C8A-AE77-8BD046432E13
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Paraphaenocladius cf. exagitans sensu
Moller Pillot, 2013
091E1A71-3CC9-51CA-9AD3-A83D1B7BD4F0
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Paraphaenocladius impensus
(Walker, 1856)
72C9ADC2-CB0B-5E70-B6EE-1FE7D7F23182
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Paraphaenocladius cf. irritus sensu
Moller Pillot, 2013
6374D05F-0974-5CC4-938A-D6AB02265B2F
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Paratrichocladius skirwithensis
(Edwards, 1929)
9A79A9FA-7F4D-53CA-93C9-D6FDEBEF99AD
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) barbimanus
(Edwards, 1929)
9842176A-60F7-5D5B-9317-3A0FEFE45634
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Matoničkin et al. 1971, Matoničkin 1987) • Crna Rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Matoničkin 1987).
Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) psilopterus
(Kieffer, 1906)
49DFA0B8-E2BD-5EE4-9BBB-A42437B6D962
Literature reference.
• Crna Rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) (Matoničkin 1987).
Rheocricotopus effusus
(Walker, 1856)
24F0760D-B489-5606-A809-502908DAD481
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Synorthocladius semivirens
(Kieffer, 1909)
1E53DD43-8034-5819-930E-8400326B7F89
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
New record.
• 1 larva; Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7); 26 Jul. 2019.
Thienemannia gracilis
Kieffer, 1909
3579455D-D460-59F9-9A9D-3377DA6702D6
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Tvetenia veralli
(Edwards, 1929)
9016265A-9D78-5066-9E97-B1DB5FA5B52A
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Subfamily Tanypodinae
Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) monilis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
5883403F-3BD9-5FE5-B982-FCD9965DB13C
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Pentaneura monilis Linnaeus, 1758 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971).
Apsectrotanypus trifascipennis
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
6CC14F8D-C278-5EE0-838B-1EF2EB4669AD
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Psectrotanypus trifascipennis Zetterstedt, 1838 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971) which is probably a misspelling.
*. Labrundinia longipalpis
(Goetghebuer, 1921)
E5F4D89D-AE54-52BA-967B-661A9CAF0C9E
New record.
• 9 larvae; Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7); 26 Jul. 2019.
Krenopelopia binotata
(Wiedemann, 1817)
DFB8F68B-C564-5263-907F-E141C141F9F5
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Macropelopia cf. fehlmanni sensu
Kieffer, 1912
46E9C450-05D4-5D61-9FB8-6157C4A8CDD1
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Procladius (Holotanypus) choreus
(Meigen, 1804)
F46AF496-485B-52A3-B9A4-1C86B14A1011
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Thienemannimyia carnea
(Fabricius, 1805)
68168E54-6236-5717-9AEF-996799F24A41
Literature reference.
• Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić 1971).
Remark.
Mentioned as Pentaneura carnea Fabricius, 1805 in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971).
Family Dixidae
Dixa dilatata
Strobl, 1900
E6819CE9-0152-5751-825F-EBD9956A5035
Literature reference.
• Stream Sartuk, Plitvice Lakes NP (23) (Ivković and Ivanković 2019).
Dixa maculata
Meigen, 1818
D070D6BD-29DF-5E45-A450-F6100507ED68
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) (Ivanković et al. 2019).
Dixa nebulosa
Meigen, 1830
C3CB7468-FD6C-5F7C-8580-DF112382086B
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Ivanković et al. 2019) • Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Ivković and Ivanković 2019).• tufa barrier Kozjak- Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivanković et al. 2019).
Dixa nubilipennis
Curtis, 1832
E1E3AAD8-B79F-5E2B-A46C-59046BF2EE81
Literature reference.
• Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (Ivanković et al. 2019) (25).
Dixa puberula
Loew, 1849
58060D95-036B-5BDF-9608-4B47A3700125
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka stream, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Ivanković et al. 2019) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) (Ivanković et al. 2019) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak- Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivanković et al. 2019, Ivković and Ivanković 2019) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivanković et al. 2019).
Dixa submaculata
Edwards, 1920
2058B08C-EE33-5E01-833E-FF4EBC3E5778
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) (Ivanković et al. 2019).
Dixella aestivalis
(Meigen, 1818)
254947C7-C4FB-5D79-B0CF-E00758EB3A75
Literature reference.
• Lake Okrugljak, Plitvice Lakes NP (9) • Riječica, Plitvice Lakes NP (16) (Matoničkin 1987).
Dixella amphibia
(De Geer, 1776)
C0F61D81-3852-58D5-8434-79BA8D82B3A5
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Matoničkin 1987).
New record.
• 1 larva; lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 11 Jul. 2019.
*. Dixella autumnalis
(Meigen, 1838)
7E69F4E3-3E1C-5F81-9F57-004234263752
New record.
• 1 larva; lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17); 18 Jul. 2018.
Family Empididae
Subfamily Clinocerinae
Clinocera stagnalis
(Haliday, 1833)
21DB4238-A63C-5BAD-B628-93A3F97DBBED
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
New record.
• 1♂; tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8); 26 Jul. 2013; M. Ivković leg.
Clinocera wesmaeli
(Macquart, 1835)
C6650BC1-F024-5414-8721-0028034C2DBE
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Dolichocephala guttata
(Haliday, 1833)
CDB3172F-F8B7-5637-A7B9-58E90EADF88E
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Dolichocephala ocellata
(Costa, 1854)
B1B8821F-8B5C-55EA-AA43-B339060DA2D6
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Kowarzia barbatula
(Mik, 1880)
D5C8CE79-EB70-5EB0-B39E-B2BC70E3EF00
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Kowarzia bipunctata
(Haliday, 1833)
BF9404AB-46F4-5C04-AAEF-DC5CC38F2A68
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Ivković et al. 2010).
Wiedemannia aquilex
(Loew, 1869)
49227207-B89D-5149-9112-FCD1307DA120
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Wiedemannia lamellata
(Loew, 1869)
2E9B3F9D-718F-5C0E-9E94-64BB877D2F40
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Wiedemannia zetterstedti
(Fallén, 1826)
DD0CA69A-6960-50A1-B38E-796B144939CF
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2010).
Subfamily Hemerodromiinae
Chelifera concinnicauda
Collin, 1927
9C1F6129-2A5D-5E88-B042-95456EEC3180
Literature references.
• Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Horvat 1990, Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera flavella
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
6C8DAD32-B79A-56D1-801F-11050BBAE9C4
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera precabunda
Collin, 1961
A988FC28-CA38-519F-AFC7-050248103433
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera precatoria
(Fallén, 1816)
771B2DE7-44E2-5DED-8564-D239B67CE25E
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera pyrenaica
Vaillant, 1981
9C98ABD7-0199-5A0D-9F8D-7F93370A13B8
Literature references.
• Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera siveci
Wagner, 1984
67055991-0C4B-50A5-911D-25F87D4927F8
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera stigmatica
(Schiner, 1862)
5215CF54-6634-5300-88D7-711C6F7A9CCC
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Chelifera trapezina
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
1BF23556-4AE3-5239-A8AB-43EE829B622C
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes (4) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Hemerodromia laudatoria
Collin, 1927
957BA7DF-D47A-5AB2-A9D1-D2F7D187F3A0
Literature references.
• Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • Lake Prošće, Plitvice Lakes NP (7) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Hemerodromia melangyna
Collin, 1927
0E5ABF0D-1270-5146-B80C-B885F3140CD1
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Horvat 1990, Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
New record.
• 1♂, 43♀; tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18); 29 Jun. 2015.
Hemerodromia oratoria
(Fallén, 1816)
247F6D38-78B9-579C-988B-3855D978568F
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Hemerodromia raptoria
Meigen, 1830
BE53DCC6-4210-5602-96DC-1A6F4C96EB77
Literature references.
• Lake Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (17) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Ivković et al. 2013b).
Hemerodromia unilineata
Zetterstedt, 1842
E3B59BCB-3964-55EE-9FA5-EA8BFD83C517
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a).
Family Limoniidae
Subfamily Chioneinae
Ellipteroides (Ellipteroides) lateralis
(Macquart, 1835)
5E93522D-9D29-52D1-8776-C1236BEC22E6
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) tenella
(Meigen, 1818)
887DCDAA-C9AF-518E-8A23-CD2110C9039B
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Molophilus (Molophilus) bifidus
Goetghebuer, 1920
87F2B8EA-62E5-579E-A732-F737B2C7FBDE
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Molophilus (Molophilus) repentinus
Starý, 1971
150515A9-75EA-5EB7-A0B8-86923EDFC614
Literature reference.
• Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Ormosia (Oreophila) bergrothi
(Strobl, 1895)
4531046C-0271-5D3A-A5C8-ECD5F3245CD2
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) edwardsi
Tjeder, 1967
7021B698-19F4-5F54-8591-7DD134FF4C80
Literature reference.
• Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Rhypholophus phryganopterus
Kolenati, 1860
B2CB51D1-19A0-5065-BF8A-A0FD38185E5E
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Subfamily Limnophilinae
Eloeophila apicata
(Loew, 1871)
A1D46072-7702-57D4-9C82-986C272023E3
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Eloeophila maculata
(Meigen, 1804)
7D481999-D07F-569B-B913-D391D18CF335
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Epiphragma (Epiphragma) ocellare
(Linnaeus, 1760)
1A6F3674-0968-53B8-9C62-313E0C3EEDA3
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Remark.
This species is not aquatic. Larvae develop in forests, woodlands, larvae associated with woody debris.
Hexatoma (Eriocera) chirothecata
(Scopoli, 1763)
62721BAB-0315-56D1-BF2D-CCBC173F9A85
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Paradelphomyia senilis
(Haliday, 1833)
2CECCDE0-FBE2-5580-8875-16B73C905EFB
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Subfamily Limoniinae
Antocha (Antocha) vitripennis
(Meigen, 1830)
16F577E3-7A4C-5B42-92F7-0BE01A7918C5
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) chorea
(Meigen, 1818)
080E5B59-2834-5EC3-98C1-2F45E1ED8B92
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Remark.
Larvae associated with rotting woody debris, but sometimes also reared from semiaquatic habitats; larvae possibly feeding in partially submerged wood.
Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) didyma
(Meigen, 1804)
98DF9E35-55D4-5034-AC9D-2180C97B2797
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) imbecilla
Lackschewitz, 1941
3015A999-BC76-5888-BCB7-972E15EC89FD
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mitis
(Meigen, 1830)
EAAE2F6C-EF9E-5372-B4C1-8B0CB21F711B
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Remarks.
Mentioned as Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mitis (Meigen, 1830) complex by Kolcsár et al. (2015). After re-identification of specimens by Kolcsár L.-P., using the identification key published by Starý and Stubbs (2015), it was confirmed that the specimens belong to Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mitis (Meigen, 1830).
Limonia hercegovinae
(Strobl, 1898)
2DC905E5-2FFF-507F-AE0C-43F57D066A3F
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Remark.
Larvae unknown, but perhaps not associated with aquatic habitats as other Limonia species have terrestrial larvae.
Lipsothrix nobilis
Loew, 1873
D68D57B9-F6DA-5889-9E15-AA3AF8E2F610
Literature reference.
• Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Family Muscidae
Subfamily Coenosiinae
Limnophora croatica
Pont & Ivković, 2013
C16C77CB-440E-5ED3-95B7-BB203DB80BF5
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016) • spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Pont and Ivković 2013) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Pont and Ivković 2013).
Limnophora olympiae
Lyneborg, 1965
5698E78C-09C8-5204-A8D3-19830CB4869D
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016).
Limnophora pulchriceps
(Loew, 1860)
3B6C0FE3-FC5E-5A0C-861D-213DA82D50DA
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Pont and Ivković 2013).
Limnophora riparia
(Fallén, 1824)
2144160F-1ED9-5AE2-9BD3-271EBFD88CB3
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Pont and Ivković 2013) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Matoničkin et al. 1971, Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016) • tufa barrier Batinovac-Galovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (12) • tufa barrier Galovac-Milino, Plitvice Lakes NP (13) • tufa barrier Burget-Kozjak, Plitvice Lakes NP (15) (Matoničkin et al. 1971) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016) • tufa barrier Milke Trnine, Plitvice Lakes NP (19) (Matoničkin et al. 1971) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Pont and Ivković 2013).
Limnophora setinerva
Schnabl, 1911
81CB66C4-227E-5C59-8C53-B2AA7B5BFE75
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Pont and Ivković 2013) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Pont and Ivković 2013, Ivković and Pont 2016) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Pont and Ivković 2013).
Limnophora tigrina
(Am Stein, 1860)
688016FE-70D9-55A1-BB56-FBD59CDE9776
Literature reference.
• Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Pont and Ivković 2013).
Limnophora triangula
(Fallén, 1825)
3280BFB0-F31D-583F-ABCC-7B48C316D39E
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Ivković and Pont 2016) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Pont and Ivković 2013).
Lispe tentaculata
(De Geer, 1776)
CB0C4188-8037-5C3B-9506-C5C56B04FE43
Literature reference.
• Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković and Pont 2015).
Lispocephala brachialis
(Rondani, 1877)
BF74A91A-26AB-57EC-A2F0-54E6BB89579F
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Ivković and Pont 2015).
Lispocephala spuria
(Zetterstedt, 1838)
614C2883-E2E2-5327-B05B-C284C8C46E31
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković and Pont 2015).
Family Pediciidae
Subfamily Pediciinae
Dicranota (Dicranota) bimaculata
(Schummel, 1829)
BC0C4A13-7547-5BEF-89BD-AC4BA5A5749F
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Dicranota (Paradicranota) pavida
(Haliday, 1833)
F006DE3F-BB08-506E-B6DF-2B2E341ADE88
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta
(Meigen, 1830)
4DE18219-F6C5-5599-80F1-4EF60128F8D2
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Tricyphona (Tricyphona) immaculata
(Meigen, 1804)
083D0FD8-39AB-5AB9-9F8B-98D3B1417D43
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • spring of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Kolcsár et al. 2015).
Family Psychodidae
Subfamily Sycoracinae
Sycorax feuerborni
Jung, 1954
E9E6EA3C-168C-5DD1-9AE2-42998A488E5F
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Ivković et al. 2015).
Sycorax tonnoiri
Jung, 1953
C60EDF74-8AD7-5CBA-BCDD-09B64BA4E855
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kvifte et al. 2013, Ivković et al. 2015).
Subfamily Psychodinae
Berdeniella keroveci
Kvifte, Ivković & Klarić, 2013
F454712F-963C-5931-A9AF-FF7D276290B4
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kvifte et al. 2013, Ivković et al. 2015).
Pericoma blandula
Eaton, 1893
031B6CE1-D5B4-5FCC-8255-1538ECFF3FFE
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Kvifte et al. 2013).
Pericoma miljenkoi
Kvifte & Ivković, 2018
CB2F82EF-A073-5933-92F2-17CC3CEA6BA7
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Kvifte and Ivković 2018).
Pericoma pseudocalcilega
Krek, 1972
81B26EC8-4B7F-5A69-8BB7-544D2C166639
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Kvifte et al. 2013).
Psychoda (Logima) albipennis
Zetterstedt, 1850 complex
55CA66F4-222D-56E6-90F6-F261C591AC79
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Kvifte et al. 2013).
Psychoda (Psychodocha) gemina
(Eaton, 1904)
88DEC171-BB90-5BF8-A63B-672FD70565ED
Literature reference.
• spring of Crna Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (4) (Kvifte et al. 2013, Ivković et al. 2015).
Jungiella valachia
(Vaillant, 1963)
375A427F-4BAC-533D-8D1E-03018274B079
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Kvifte et al. 2013, Ivković et al. 2015).
Family Scathophagidae
Subfamily Scathophaginae
*. Acanthocnema latipennis
Becker, 1894
A2F327BF-7094-5F8D-8BEC-9031612EFB78
New records.
• 4♂; spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1); 26 Jul. 2016; M. Ivković leg. • 2♂; tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18); 29 Apr. 2015; M. Ivković leg.
Family Simuliidae
Subfamily Simuliinae
Prosimulium tomosvaryi
(Enderlein, 1921)
9B97DF10-CCE3-52F6-8190-29C4934968D1
Literature references.
• Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Eusimulium) angustipes
Edwards, 1915
589F1997-3327-5C89-B866-BDEFF9C00769
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Eusimulium) rubzovianum
(Sherban, 1961)
EA0C9106-5195-5530-9B09-32EC39645B0C
Literature reference.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) (Ivković et al. 2016).
Simulium (Nevermannia) angustitarse
(Lundström, 1911)
361456AD-F826-5F02-89D3-D4A9000AD5D3
Literature reference.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) (Ivković et al. 2016).
Simulium (Nevermannia) costatum
Friederichs, 1920
4748DB72-2F0E-5ECF-8291-8932485995B2
Literature references.
• spring of Bijela Rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) • upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Simulium) monticola
Friederichs, 1920
3BC596D9-DA46-58F0-9680-74917B42FE92
Literature references.
• upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2) • Crna rijeka by the bridge, Plitvice Lakes NP (6) • tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
New record.
• 7♂; tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18); 28 Jun. 2007; M. Ivković leg.
Simulium (Simulium) ornatum
Meigen, 1818 (complex)
52B1B217-4143-5EA3-BB99-DA68E583FA8D
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
New records.
• 4♂; tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8); 29 May 2009; M. Ivković leg. • 3♂; same site; 30 Jun. 2009; M. Ivković leg.
Simulium (Simulium) trifasciatum
Curtis, 1839
44D611C1-3239-5A57-9025-1FEC7BC9BB1F
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum
(Lundström, 1911)
11EA5F96-54B1-556F-ADB6-B4C3D8587AC9
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Simulium) variegatum
Meigen, 1818
322E55B6-6684-5874-B665-EDE294B27AFC
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Stream Plitvica, Plitvice Lakes NP (24) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Trichodagmia) auricoma
Meigen, 1818
9DE2D9AD-F50C-5643-952D-2CA1DF8FBEF7
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) • Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum
Séguy, 1921
AE4EDA02-B721-59B7-AA54-2E9A88CAB941
Literature references.
• tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (18) • tufa barrier Novakovića Brod, Plitvice Lakes NP (22) (Ivković et al. 2012b, 2014).
Remark.
Formerly this was misidentified as Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758) in Ivković et al. (2012, 2014, 2016).
Family Stratiomyidae
*. Oxycera pardalina
Meigen, 1822
DAB1EB86-FBE7-5EAB-A0E8-6DA175BA23C1
New records.
• 1 larva; spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1); 30 May 2008; M. Ivković leg. • 6 larvae; upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (2); 29 May 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 1♀; same site; 26 Jul. 2010; M. Ivković leg. • 1 larva; upper reach of Crna rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (5); 30 Apr. 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 4 larvae; same site; 29 May 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 1 larva, 1♀; same site; 30 Jun. 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 2 larvae; same site; 30 Apr. 2008; M. Ivković leg. • 1 larva; same site; 30 May 2008; M. Ivković leg. • 1♀; tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8); 30 Jun. 2008; M. Ivković leg. • 1♂; same site; 30 Jun. 2011; M. Ivković leg. • 1♀; same site; 28 Jun. 2012; M. Ivković leg.
*. Oxycera limbata
Loew, 1862
ECB27779-8C33-54D0-B430-F4A76F0A8CD9
New records.
• 1♀; tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8); 25 Jul. 2011; M. Ivković leg. • 3♂; Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25); 29 Jun. 2007; M. Ivković leg.
*. Oxycera turcica
Ustuner & Hasbenli, 2004
F2F11AE7-AA40-5D75-98BD-7FABF7E28E02
New records.
• 3♂, 2♀; Korana Village, Plitvice Lakes NP (25); 29 Jun. 2007; M. Ivković leg. • 1♂, 2♀; same site; 26 Jul. 2007; M. Ivković leg.
*. Nemotelus pantherinus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
8BAC8E33-144E-56B2-89DE-16451CD18E16
New record.
• 1♀; upper reach of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1); 24 Jul. 2009; M. Ivković leg.
*. Oplodontha viridula
(Fabricius, 1775)
E0F1C82F-BE1E-5499-966C-0E1E87F342CD
New record.
• 1♀; tufa barrier Labudovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (8); 26 Jul. 2010; M. Ivković leg.
Family Tabanidae
Subfamily Chrysopsinae
Chrysops caecutiens
(Linnaeus, 1758)
B25E33ED-860D-5785-986B-09C5FDBA21BF
Literature reference.
• Plitvički Ljeskovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (3) (Krčmar et al. 2008).
Chrysops viduatus
(Fabricius, 1794)
F67AF0F4-2578-582A-8CA2-D2D55ADD6BF4
Literature reference.
• Plitvički Ljeskovac, Plitvice Lakes NP (3) (Krčmar et al. 2008).
Family Tipulidae
Subfamily Tipulinae
Tipula (Savtshenkia) rufinarufina
Meigen, 1818
39D18816-4A7F-5D2B-85F6-C525A5B541D0
Literature reference.
• spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1) (Ivković et al. 2015).
New records.
• 2♂; spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1); 1 Oct. 2009; M. Ivković leg. • 1♂; spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1); 2 Nov. 2011; M. Ivković leg. • 1♀; spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes NP (1); 27 Jun. 2013; M. Ivković leg.
Species richness and assemblage composition
In total, 157 species and 7 taxa of aquatic Diptera (Table 2) belonging to 13 families, collected from 25 sites (Table 1, Figure 1) are recorded in the Plitvice Lakes NP, with twelve species new for the dipteran fauna of the National Park. New species belonging to the family Chironomidae are Labrundinia longipalpis (Goetghebuer, 1921), Nilothauma brayi (Goetghebuer, 1921), Potthastia longimanus Kieffer, 1922, Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804) and Tanytarsus brundini Lindeberg, 1963; to the family Dixidae is Dixella autumnalis (Meigen, 1838), and ScathophagidaeAcanthocnema latipennis Becker, 1894. New species found in the Plitvice Lakes NP belonging to Stratiomyidae family are Oxycera pardalina Meigen, 1822, Oxycera limbata Loew, 1862, Oxycera turcica Ustuner & Hasbenli, 2004, Nemotelus pantherinus (Linnaeus, 1758), and Oplodontha viridula (Fabricius, 1775).
Table 2.
Aquatic Diptera at different types of karstic habitats in National Park Plitvice Lakes.
| Species/Habitat type | Spring | Stream | Tufa barrier | Lake |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athericidae | ||||
| Ibisia marginata (Fabricius, 1781) | • | • | ||
| Chironomidae | ||||
| Ablabesmyia (Ablabesmyia) monilis (Linnaeus, 1758) | • | |||
| Acricotopus lucens (Zetterstedt, 1850) | • | |||
| Apsectrotanypus trifascipennis (Zetterstedt, 1838) | • | |||
| Brillia bifida (Kieffer, 1909) | • | |||
| Brillia longifurca Kieffer, 1921 | • | |||
| Chaetocladius dentiforceps (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Chaetocladius melaleucus (Meigen, 1818) | • | |||
| Corynoneura lobata Edwards, 1924 | • | |||
| Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus (Meigen, 1818) | • | |||
| Cricotopus (Cricotopus) fuscus (Kieffer, 1909) | • | |||
| Cryptochironomus (Cryptochironomus) albofasciatus (Staeger, 1839) | • | |||
| Diamesa (Diamesa) thomasi Serra-Tosio, 1970 | • | |||
| Diamesa (Diamesa) tonsa (Haliday in Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Dicrotendipes nervosus (Staeger, 1839) | • | |||
| Einfeldia dissidens (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Endochironomus cf. dispar sensu Moller Pillot, 2009 | • | |||
| Epoicocladius ephemerae (Kieffer, 1924) | • | |||
| Eukiefferiella devonica (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Eukiefferiella ilkleyensis (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Eukiefferiella minor (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Eukiefferiella gracei (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Harinischia fuscimanus Kieffer, 1921 | • | |||
| Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Krenopelopia binotata (Wiedemann, 1817) | • | |||
| Labrundinia longipalpis (Goetghebuer, 1921) | • | |||
| Limnophyes cf. minimus sensu Langton & Pinder, 2007 | • | |||
| Limnophyes gurgicola (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Macropelopia cf. fehlmanni sensu Kieffer, 1912 | • | |||
| Metriocnemus cf. albolineatus sensu Langton & Pinder, 2007 | • | |||
| Metriocnemus eurynothus (Holmgren, 1883) | • | |||
| Metriocnemus intergerivus Sæther, 1995 | • | |||
| Micropsectra notescens (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Micropsectra uva Giłka, Zakrzewska, Baranov & Dominiak, 2013 | • | |||
| Microtendipes pedellus (De Geer, 1776) | • | |||
| Microtendipes tarsalis (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Monodiamesa bathyphila (Kieffer, 1918) | • | |||
| Nilothauma brayi (Goetghebuer, 1921) | • | |||
| Orthocladius (Mesorthocladius) frigidus (Zetterstedt 1838) | • | |||
| Paracladius conversus (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Paracladopelma camptolabis (Kieffer, 1913) | • | |||
| Parametriocnemus cf. stylatus sensu Moller Pillot, 2013 | • | |||
| Parametriocnemus stylatus (Spaerck, 1923) | • | • | ||
| Paraphaenocladius cf. exagitans sensu Moller Pillot, 2013 | • | |||
| Paraphaenocladius impensus (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Paraphaenocladius cf. irritus sensu Moller Pillot, 2013 | • | |||
| Paratanytarsus lauterborni (Kieffer, 1909) | • | |||
| Paratendipes albimanus (Meigen, 1818) | • | |||
| Paratrichocladius skirwithensis (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Phaenopsectra flavipes (Meigen 1818) | • | • | ||
| Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) exsectum (Kieffer, 1916) | • | |||
| Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804) | • | |||
| Polypedilum (Tripodura) scalaenum (Schrank, 1803) | • | |||
| Potthastia longimanus Kieffer, 1922 | • | |||
| Procladius (Holotanypus) choreus (Meigen, 1804) | • | |||
| Prodiamesa olivacea (Meigen, 1818) | • | • | • | |
| Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) barbimanus (Edwards, 1929) | • | • | ||
| Psectrocladius (Psectrocladius) psilopterus (Kieffer, 1906) | • | |||
| Rheocricotopus effusus (Walker, 1856) | • | |||
| Rheotanytarsus nigricauda Fittkau, 1960 | • | |||
| Rheotanytarsus pentapoda (Kieffer, 1909) | • | |||
| Stempellina bausei (Kieffer, 1911) | • | • | • | |
| Synorthocladius semivirens (Kieffer, 1909) | • | |||
| Tanytarsus brundini Lindeberg, 1963 | • | |||
| Tanytarsus heusdensis Goetghebuer, 1923 | • | |||
| Thienemannia gracilis Kieffer, 1909 | • | |||
| Thienemannimyia carnea (Fabricius, 1805) | • | |||
| Tvetenia veralli (Edwards, 1929) | • | |||
| Zavrelia pentatoma Kieffer & Bause, 1913 | • | |||
| Zavreliella marmorata (van der Wulp, 1859) | • | |||
| Dixidae | ||||
| Dixa dilatata Strobl, 1900 | • | |||
| Dixa maculata Meigen, 1818 | • | • | ||
| Dixa nebulosa Meigen, 1830 | • | • | • | |
| Dixa nubilipennis Curtis, 1832 | • | |||
| Dixa puberula Loew, 1849 | • | • | • | |
| Dixa submaculata Edwards, 1920 | • | • | • | |
| Dixella aestivalis (Meigen, 1818) | • | • | ||
| Dixella amphibia (De Geer, 1776) | • | |||
| Dixella autumnalis (Meigen, 1838) | • | |||
| Empididae | ||||
| Chelifera concinnicauda Collin, 1927 | • | • | ||
| Chelifera flavella (Zetterstedt, 1838) | • | • | ||
| Chelifera precabunda Collin, 1961 | • | • | ||
| Chelifera precatoria (Fallén, 1816) | • | • | ||
| Chelifera pyrenaica Vaillant, 1981 | • | • | ||
| Chelifera siveci Wagner, 1984 | • | • | ||
| Chelifera stigmatica (Schiner, 1862) | • | • | ||
| Chelifera trapezina (Zetterstedt, 1838) | • | • | ||
| Clinocera stagnalis (Haliday, 1833) | • | • | ||
| Clinocera wesmaeli (Macquart, 1835) | • | |||
| Dolichocephala guttata (Haliday, 1833) | • | • | ||
| Dolichocephala ocellata (Costa, 1854) | • | • | ||
| Hemerodromia laudatoria Collin, 1927 | • | • | ||
| Hemerodromia melangyna Collin, 1927 | • | • | ||
| Hemerodromia oratoria (Fallén, 1816) | • | • | ||
| Hemerodromia raptoria Meigen, 1830 | • | • | ||
| Hemerodromia unilineata Zetterstedt, 1842 | • | • | ||
| Kowarzia barbatula (Mik, 1880) | • | • | • | |
| Kowarzia bipunctata (Haliday, 1833) | • | |||
| Wiedemannia aquilex (Loew, 1869) | • | • | ||
| Wiedemannia lamellata (Loew, 1869) | • | • | • | |
| Wiedemannia zetterstedti (Fallén, 1826) | • | |||
| Limoniidae | ||||
| Antocha (Antocha) vitripennis (Meigen, 1830) | • | • | ||
| Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) chorea (Meigen, 1818) | • | • | • | |
| Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) didyma (Meigen, 1804) | • | • | • | |
| Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) imbecilla Lackschewitz, 1941 | • | • | ||
| Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) mitis (Meigen, 1830) complex | • | |||
| Ellipteroides (Ellipteroides) lateralis (Macquart, 1835) | • | |||
| Eloeophila apicata (Loew, 1871) | • | |||
| Eloeophila maculata (Meigen, 1804) | • | |||
| Epiphragma (Epiphragma) ocellare (Linnaeus, 1760) | • | |||
| Gonomyia (Gonomyia) tenella (Meigen, 1818) | • | • | ||
| Hexatoma (Eriocera) chirothecata (Scopoli, 1763) | • | • | ||
| Limonia hercegovinae (Strobl, 1898) | • | • | ||
| Lipsothrix nobilis Loew, 1873 | • | • | ||
| Molophilus (Molophilus) bifidus Goetghebuer, 1920 | • | |||
| Molophilus (Molophilus) repentinus Starý, 1971 | • | |||
| Ormosia (Oreophila) bergrothi (Strobl, 1895) | • | |||
| Paradelphomyia (Oxyrhiza) senilis (Haliday, 1833) | • | • | ||
| Rhabdomastix (Rhabdomastix) edwardsi Tjeder, 1967 | • | |||
| Rhypholophus phryganopterus Kolenati, 1860 | • | |||
| Muscidae | ||||
| Limnophora croatica Pont & Ivković, 2013 | • | • | • | |
| Limnophora olympiae Lyneborg, 1965 | • | • | ||
| Limnophora pulchriceps (Loew, 1860) | • | • | ||
| Limnophora riparia (Fallén, 1824) | • | • | • | |
| Limnophora setinerva Schnabl, 1911 | • | • | • | |
| Limnophora tigrina (Am Stein, 1860) | • | |||
| Limnophora triangula (Fallén, 1825) | • | • | ||
| Lispe tentaculata (De Geer, 1776) | • | |||
| Lispocephala brachialis (Rondani, 1877) | • | |||
| Lispocephala spuria (Zetterstedt, 1838) | • | |||
| Pediciidae | ||||
| Dicranota (Dicranota) bimaculata (Schummel, 1829) | • | |||
| Dicranota (Paradicranota) pavida (Haliday, 1833) | • | |||
| Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830) | • | • | ||
| Tricyphona (Tricyphona) immaculata (Meigen, 1804) | • | • | • | |
| Psychodidae | ||||
| Sycorax feuerborni Jung, 1954 | • | |||
| Sycorax tonnoiri Jung, 1953 | • | |||
| Berdeniella keroveci Kvifte, Ivković & Klarić, 2013 | • | |||
| Pericoma blandula Eaton, 1893 | • | |||
| Pericoma miljenkoi Kvifte & Ivković, 2018 | • | |||
| Pericoma pseudocalcilega Krek, 1972 | • | |||
| Psychoda (Logima) albipennis Zetterstedt, 1850 complex | • | |||
| Psychoda (Psychodocha) gemina (Eaton, 1904) | • | |||
| Jungiella valachia (Vaillant, 1963) | • | |||
| Scathophagidae | ||||
| Acanthocnema latipennis Becker, 1894 | • | • | ||
| Simuliidae | ||||
| Prosimulium tomosvaryi (Enderlein, 1921) | • | |||
| Simulium (Eusimulium) angustipes Edwards, 1915 | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Eusimulium) rubzovianum (Sherban, 1961) | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Nevermannia) angustitarse (Lundström, 1911) | • | |||
| Simulium (Nevermannia) costatum Friederichs, 1920 | • | • | • | |
| Simulium (Simulium) monticola Friederichs, 1920 | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Simulium) ornatum Meigen, 1818 complex | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Simulium) trifasciatum Curtis, 1839 | • | |||
| Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum (Lundström, 1911) | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Simulium) variegatum Meigen, 1818 | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Trichodagmia) auricoma Meigen, 1818 | • | • | ||
| Simulium (Wilhelmia) pseudequinum Séguy, 1921 | • | |||
| Stratiomyidae | ||||
| Oxycera pardalina Meigen, 1822 | • | • | • | |
| Oxycera limbata Loew, 1862 | • | • | ||
| Oxycera turcica Ustuner & Hasbenli, 2004 | • | |||
| Nemotelus pantherinus (Linnaeus, 1758) | • | |||
| Oplodontha viridula (Fabricius, 1775) | • | |||
| Tabanidae | ||||
| Chrysops caecutiens (Linnaeus, 1758) | • | |||
| Chrysops viduatus (Fabricius, 1794) | • | |||
| Tipulidae | ||||
| Tipula (Savtshenkia) rufina rufina Meigen, 1818 | • | |||
| Number of taxa | 75 | 71 | 53 | 38 |
Overall, the greatest species richness was recorded within the family Chironomidae, with 62 species (and additional seven taxa) recorded so far in Plitvice Lakes NP (Table 2, Figure 8). This was expected since the Chironomidae are an extremely diverse group with more than 8000 described species (Marshall 2012), and with many more undescribed or waiting to be discovered. Some chironomid species have been mentioned in the literature, but are not included in the formal list for various reasons that are considered here. The species Micropsectra curvicornis (Chernovskij, 1949) listed in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971) and Thienemanniella flaviforceps Kieffer, 1925, mentioned from Plitvice in Matoničkin (1987), are considered to be nomina dubia in Ashe and Cranston (1990), as well as in Ashe and O’Connor (2012). Ablabesmyia cf. tetrasticta could possibly be a misinterpretation of the name Pelopia tetrasticta Kieffer, 1916 and as such is considered a nomen dubium in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Ashe and O’Connor 2009). Furthermore, the species Cricotopus latidentatus (Chernovskij, 1949), published in Matoničkin (1987) and Matoničkin et al. (1971), is considered a questionable synonym within the genus Cricotopus according to the Ashe and O’Connor (2012). Cricotopus filiformis Edwards, mentioned in Matoničkin (1987), is considered an unidentifiable error since Edwards never described a chironomid species with “fili” in the name (Ashe and Cranston 1990). Chironomidae species that are part of the formal species list, but should be addressed with caution, are also considered. In Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971), the authors did not clearly state whether their identifications of Endochironomus cf. dispar and Macropelopia cf. fehlmanni were based on adults or larvae. If the identifications were made based on adults, then these reports can be considered valid. On the other hand, if larvae were identified then these reports are doubtful records since these species cannot be identified based on larval morphology alone. The species listed in the formal species list as Eukiefferiella ilkleyensis (Edwards, 1929) is mentioned as Plectrocladius eukiefferiella quadridentata Chernovskij, 1949 in Matoničkin (1987). This could be a typing error since a genus Plectrocladius does not exist within the family Chironomidae. On the other hand, Eukiefferiella quadridentata Chernovskij, 1949 is a synonym pro parte of E. ilkleyensis (Moller Pillot 2013). If this is not a typing error, then this species name is an unidentifiable error.
Figure 8.
Species richness of Diptera families in Plitvice Lakes National Park.
Families following Chironomidae by number of species are Empididae, Limoniidae, Simuliidae and Muscidae (only aquatic species identified) with 22, 19, 12 and 10 species, respectively (Table 2, Figure 8). Dixidae and Psychodidae are both present with nine species, while Stratiomyidae, Pediciidae and Tabanidae are present with 5, 4 and 2 species, respectively (Table 2, Figure 8). Families with only one recorded species are Athericidae, Scathophagidae and Tipulidae (Table 2, Figure 8).
The families Dixidae, Empididae and Simuliidae have been dealt with in detail in previous publications (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a, b, 2016; Ivanković et al. 2019; Ivković and Ivanković 2019) so the numbers presented here might be the final species numbers for Plitvice Lakes NP. For these particular families, only a few additional species might be recorded in the future studies. Other families of aquatic Diptera have been studied sporadically and, in many cases, only a few sites have been completely processed, such as Chironomidae in Kostić-Brnek and Brnek-Kostić (1971) and Ivković et al. (2015). Aquatic Diptera families that are present in the Plitvice Lakes NP but are still unidentified to the species level are Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Ephydridae, Sciomyzidae and Syrphidae.
Springs and streams have higher numbers of species recorded than tufa barriers and lakes (Table 2). One of the reasons for this is because the springs were studied in greater detail than other sites, especially when it comes to Chironomidae (Ivković et al. 2015). On the other hand, many aquatic Diptera families have in fact a higher diversity at spring habitats and the upper reaches of streams, such as Empididae, Psychodidae, Limoniidae, etc., because most environmental parameters at those sites remain constant (Ivković et al. 2010, 2012a, 2015; Kvifte et al. 2013; Kolcsár et al. 2015).
The species list of aquatic Diptera of Plitvice Lakes NP is still not complete since many families are either dealt with partially or not at all due to the lack of available experts. There is still a lot of work in front of us since we belive that about 250 species of aquatic Diptera can be expected in the unique karstic area of Plitvice Lakes NP.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Miljenko Ivković, Dr Marko Miliša, Dr Ivana Pozojević, and many students for their tremendous help with the fieldwork. We would like to thank Dr Andrey Ozerov for help with Scathophagidae identification.
Citation
Ivković M, Dorić V, Baranov V, Mihaljević Z, Kolcsár L-P, Kvifte GM, Nerudova J, Pont AC (2020) Checklist of aquatic Diptera (Insecta) of Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia, a UNESCO world heritage site. ZooKeys 918: 99–142. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.918.49648
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