Summary
Two bovine coronavirus (BCV) strains from diarrheic calf faeces were adapted to grow in HRT 18 cells and compared in immunofluorescence (IF), haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralisation (NT) tests with three other strains of BCV and a human coronavirus (HCV) strain obtained from other laboratories. Polyclonal antisera against these 6 viruses were raised in rabbits. No significant differences between viruses were detected by IF. In the HAI test the HCV strain was distinguishable from the 5 BCV strains and serological variation between the BCV strains was shown. HCV could be distinguished by NT test, but all BCV isolates were similar. Two monoclonal antibodies prepared against one of the BCV strains distinguished HCV in all three assays, and detected varying relationships between BCV strains.
Keywords: Monoclonal Antibody, Infectious Disease, Haemagglutination Inhibition, Polyclonal Antiserum, Human Coronavirus
References
- 1.Archetti I, Horsfall FL. Persistent antigenic variation of influenza A viruses after incomplete neutralization in vivo with heterologous immune serum. J Exp Med. 1950;92:441–462. doi: 10.1084/jem.92.5.441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Brain DA, Hogue B, Lapps W, Potts B, Kapke P. Proceedings, Fourth International Symposium on Neonatal Diarrhea. Saskatchewan: VIDO; 1983. Comparative structure of coronaviruses; pp. 100–115. [Google Scholar]
- 3.Dea S, Roy RS, Begin ME. Physicochemical and biological properties of neonatal calf diarrhoea coronaviruses isolated in Quebec and comparison with the Nebraska calf coronavirus. Am J Vet Res. 1980;41:23–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Dea S, Roy RS, Elazhary M. Antigenic variations among calf diarrhoea coronaviruses by immunodiffusion and counterimmuno-electrophoresis. Ann Rech Vet. 1982;13:351–356. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Deregt D, Crouch CF, Sabara MI, Gilchrist J, Babiuk LA, Hudson GR. Proceedings, Fourth International Symposium on Neonatal Diarrhea. Saskatchewan: VIDO; 1983. Preliminary studies of a bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigen responsible for neutralization; pp. 117–132. [Google Scholar]
- 6.Deregt D, Babiuk LA. Monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus: characteristics and topographical mapping of neutralizing-epitopes on the E2 and E3 glycoproteins. Virology. 1987;161:410–420. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90134-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Deregt D, Sabara M, Babiuk L. Structural proteins of bovine coronavirus and their intracellular processing. J Gen Virol. 1987;68:2863–2877. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-11-2863. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.El-Ghorr AA, Snodgrass DR, Scott FMM. Evaluation of an immunogold electron microscopy technique for detecting bovine coronavirus. J Virol Methods. 1988;19:215–224. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(88)90016-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Gerna G, Passarani N, Battaglia M, Rondanelli EG. Human enteric coronaviruses: antigenic relatedness to human coronavirus OC 43 and possible etiologic role in viral gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1985;151:796–803. doi: 10.1093/infdis/151.5.796. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Hajer I, Storz J. Structural polypeptides of the enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus strain Ly-138. Arch Virol. 1979;59:47–57. doi: 10.1007/BF01317894. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Hogue BG, King B, Brian DA. Antigenic relationships among proteins of bovine coronavirus, human respiratory coronavirus OC43, and mouse hepatitis coronavirus A 59. J Virol. 1984;51:384–388. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.2.384-388.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Laporte J, Bobulesco P. Polypeptide structure of bovine enteritic coronavirus: comparison between a wild strain purified from feces and HRT 18 cell adapted strain. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1981;142:181–184. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0456-3_15. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.Mebus CA, Stair EL, Rhodes MB, Twiehaus MF. Neonatal calf diarrhea: propagation, attenuation, and characteristics of a coronavirus-like agent. Am J Vet Res. 1973;34:145–150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Reynolds DJ, Debney TG, Hall GA, Thomas LH, Parsons KR. Studies on the relationship between coronaviruses from the intestinal and respiratory tracts of calves. Arch Virol. 1985;85:71–83. doi: 10.1007/BF01317007. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15.Sato K, Inaba Y, Kurogi H, Takahashi E, Satado K, Omori T, Matumoto M. Hemagglutination by calf diarrhea coronavirus. Vet Microbiol. 1977;2:83–87. [Google Scholar]
- 16.Vautherot JF. Plaque assay for titration of bovine enteritic coronavirus. J Gen Virol. 1981;56:451–455. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-56-2-451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Wege H, Siddell S, Ter Meulen V. The biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1982;99:165–200. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-68528-6_5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Wyatt RG, Greenberg HB, James WD, Pittman AL, Kalica AR, Flores J, Chanock RM, Kapikian AZ. Definition of human rotavirus serotypes by plaque reduction assay. Infect Immun. 1982;37:110–115. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.1.110-115.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]