Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 1995;140(8):1405–1418. doi: 10.1007/BF01322667

Molecular analysis of the ORFs 3 to 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Québec reference strain

H Mardassi 1, S Mounir 1, S Dea 1
PMCID: PMC7087035  PMID: 7661693

Summary

The cDNA sequence of the 3′-terminal genomic region of the Québec IAF-exp91 strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was determined and compared to those of other reference strains from Europe (Lelystad virus) and US (ATCC VR2385, MN-1b). The sequence (2834 nucleotides) which encompassed ORFs 3 to 7 revealed extensive genomic variations between the Québec strain and Lelystad virus (LV), resulting from high number of base substitutions, additions and deletions. The ORFs 5, 3, and 7 seemed to be relatively the most variable; the predicted encoding products of the Québec and LV strains displayed only 52%, 54%, and 59% amino acid identities, respectively. Nevertheless, in vitro translation experiments of the structural genes (ORFs 5, 6, and 7) and radio-immunoprecipitation assays with extracellular virions gave results similar to those previously reported for LV. In contrast, close genomic relationships were demonstrated between Québec and US strains. Taking together, these results indicate that, although structurally similar, North American PRRSV strains belong to a genotype distinct from that of the LV, thus supporting previous findings that allowed to divide PRRSV isolates into two antigenic subgroups (U.S. and European).

Keywords: Reference Strain, Amino Acid Identity, Genomic Variation, Acid Identity, Base Substitution

Footnotes

The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will appear in the EMBL and GenBank nucleotide sequence databases under accession number L40898.

References

  • 1.Benfield DA, Nelson E, Collins JE, Harris L, Goyal SM, Robinson D, Christianson WT, Morrison RB, Gorcyca D, Chladek D. Characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) J Vet Diagn Invest. 1992;4:127–133. doi: 10.1177/104063879200400202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Chen Z, Kuo L, Rowland RRR, Even C, Faaberg KS, Plagemann GW. Sequence of 3′ end of genome and of 5′ end of open reading frame la of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus and common junction motifs between 5′ leader and bodies of seven subgenomic mRNAs. J Gen Virol. 1993;74:643–660. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-4-643. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Chirnside ED, Wearing CM, Binns MM, Mumford JA. Comparison of M and N gene sequences distinguishes variation amongst equine arteritis virus isolates. J Gen Virol. 1994;75:1491–1497. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-6-1491. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Chomczynsky P, Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidium thiocyanate phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem. 1987;162:156–159. doi: 10.1006/abio.1987.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Collins JE, Benfield DA, Christianson WT, Harris L, Hennings JC, Shaw DP, Goyal SM, McCullough S, Morrison RB, Joo HS, Gorcyca D, Chladek D. Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North America and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1992;4:117–126. doi: 10.1177/104063879200400201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Conzelmann KK, Visser N, Van Woensel P, Thiel HJ. Molecular characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a member of the arterivirus group. Virology. 1993;193:329–339. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Dea S, Bilodeau R, Athanassious R, Sauvageau R, Martineau GP. Swine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Québec: isolation of an enveloped virus serologically-related to Lelystad virus. Can Vet J. 1992;33:801–808. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Den Boon JA, Snijder EJ, Chirnside ED, De Vries AAF, Horzinek MC, Spaan WJM. Equine arteritis virus is not a togavirus but belongs to the coronavirus-like superfamily. J Virol. 1991;65:2910–2920. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.6.2910-2920.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.De Vries AAF, Chirnside ED, Horzinek MC, Rottier JM. Structural proteins of equine arteritis virus. J Virol. 1992;66:6294–6303. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.11.6294-6303.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Godeny EK, Chen L, Kumar SN, Methven SL, Koonin EV, Brinton MA. Complete genomic sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) Virology. 1993;194:585–596. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1298. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Goldbach R, Wellink J. Evolution of plus-strand RNA viruses. Intervirology. 1988;29:260–267. doi: 10.1159/000150054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Goyal SM. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1993;5:656–664. doi: 10.1177/104063879300500435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Hooper CC, Van Alstine GW, Stevenson W, Kanitz CL. Mice and rats (laboratory and feral) are not a reservoir for PRRS virus. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1994;6:13–15. doi: 10.1177/104063879400600103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Kim HS, Kwang J, Yoon IJ, Joo HS, Frey ML. Enhanced replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus in a homogeneous subpopulation of MA-104 cell line. Arch Virol. 1993;133:477–483. doi: 10.1007/BF01313785. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Kwang J, Kim HS, Joo HS. Cloning expression, and sequence analysis of the ORF 4 gene of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus MN-1b. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1994;6:293–296. doi: 10.1177/104063879400600302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Lai MMC. RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses. Microbiol Rev. 1992;56:61–79. doi: 10.1128/mr.56.1.61-79.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Mardassi H, Athanassious R, Mounir S, Dea S. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics of Québec isolates associated to acute and chronic outbreaks of PRRS. Can J Vet Res. 1994;58:55–64. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Mardassi H, Mounir S, Dea S. Identification of major differences in the nucleocapsid protein genes of a Québec strain and European strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol. 1994;75:681–685. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-3-681. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Mardassi H, Wilson L, Mounir S, Dea S. Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and efficient differentiation between Canadian and European strains by reverse transcription and PCR amplification. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:2197–2203. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2197-2203.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Meng XJ, Paul PS, Halbur PG. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the 3′-terminal genomic RNA of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol. 1994;75:1795–1801. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-7-1795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Meulenberg JJM, Hulst MM, De Meijer EJ, Moonen PLJM, Den Besten A, De Kluyer EP, Wensvoort G, Moormann RJM. Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV. Virology. 1993;192:62–72. doi: 10.1006/viro.1993.1008. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Meulenberg JJM, De Meijer EJ, Moormann RJM. Subgenomic RNAs of Lelystad virus contain a conserved leader-body junction sequence. J Gen Virol. 1993;74:1697–1701. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-74-8-1697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Meulenberg JJM, Den Besten AP, De Kluyer EP, Moormann RJM, Schaaper VMM, Wensvoort G. Characterization of proteins encoded by ORFs 2 to 7 of Lelystad virus. Virology. 1995;206:155–163. doi: 10.1016/S0042-6822(95)80030-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Murphy TW, McCollum WH, Timoney PJ, Klingeborn BW, Hyllseth B, Golnik W, Erasmus B. Genomic variability among globally distributed isolates of equine arteritis virus. Vet Microbiol. 1992;32:101–115. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90099-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Nelson EA, Hennings JC, Drew T, Wensvoort G, Collins JE, Benfield DE. Differentiation of US and european isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31:3184–3189. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.12.3184-3189.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Plagemann PGW, Moening V. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus: a new group of positive-strand RNA viruses. Adv Virus Res. 1992;41:99–192. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60036-6. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. 2nd ed. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989. [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74:5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Strauss JH, Strauss EG. Evolution of RNA viruses. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1988;42:657–683. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.42.100188.003301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Suarez P, Zardoya R, Prieto C, Solana A, Tabares E, Bautista JM, Castro JM. Direct detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus by reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Arch Virol. 1994;135:89–99. doi: 10.1007/BF01309767. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Von Heijne G. A new method for predicting signal sequence cleavage sites. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986;14:4683–4690. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.11.4683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Wensvoort G, De Kluyver EP, Luijtze EA, Den Besten A, Harris L, Collins JE, Christianson WT, Chladek D. Antigenic comparison of Lelystad virus and swine and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1992;4:134–138. doi: 10.1177/104063879200400203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Wensvoort G, De Kluyver EP, Pol JMA, Wagenaar F, Moormann RJM, Hulst MM, Bloemraad R, Den Besten A, Zetstra T, Terpstra C. Lelystad virus, the cause of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome: a review of mystery swine disease research at Lelystad. Vet Microbiol. 1992;33:185–193. doi: 10.1016/0378-1135(92)90046-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Wensvoort G, Terpstra C, Pol JMA, Ter Laak EA, Bloemraad M, De Kluyver EP, Kragten C, Van Buiten L, Den Besten A, Wagenaar F, Broekhuijsen JM, Moonen PLJM, Zetstra T, De Boer EA, Tibben HJ, Dejong MF, Van't Veld P, Groenland GJR, Van Gennep JA, Voets MT, Verheijden JHM, Braamskamp J. Mystery swine disease in the Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus. Vet Q. 1991;13:121–130. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1991.9694296. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Virology are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES