Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 1979;59(1):1–15. doi: 10.1007/BF01317889

The virology and pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis

M C Horzinek 1, A D M E Osterhaus 1
PMCID: PMC7087126  PMID: 218528

The content is available as a PDF (1.2 MB).

Footnotes

With 2 Figures

References

  • 1.Almedia J. D., Waterson A. P. The morphology of virus antibody interaction. Adv. Virus Res. 1969;15:307–338. doi: 10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60878-7. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.Berry D. M., Almeida J. D. The morphological and biological effects of various antisera on avian infectious bronchitis virus. J. gen. Virol. 1968;3:97–102. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-3-1-97. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Binn L. N., Lazar E. C., Keenan K. P., Huxsall D. L., Marchwicki R. H., Strano A. J. Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea. Proc. U.S. Anim. Hlth. Ass. 1974;78:359–366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Bland van den Berg P., Botha W. S. Feline infectious peritonitis in South Africa. J. South Afr. Vet. Ass. 1977;48:109–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Bullmore C. C., Twitchell M. J. A case of parenchymatous feline infectious peritonitis. Fel. Pract. 1977;7:46–49. [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Campbell L. H., Reed C. Ocular signs associated with feline infectious peritonitis in two cats. Fel. Pract. 1975;5:32–35. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Carlton W. W., Lavignette A. M., Szech G. M. A case of feline infectious peritonitis with ocular lesions. J. Anim. Hosp. Ass. 1973;9:256–261. [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Cochrane Ch. G., Weigle W. O., Dixon F. J. The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the initiation and cessation of the Arthus vasculitis. J. Exp. Med. 1959;110:481–494. doi: 10.1084/jem.110.3.481. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Colby E. D., Low R. J. Feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 1970;65:783–786. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Colgrove D. J., Parker A. J. Feline infectious peritonitis. J. Small Anim. Pract. 1971;12:225–232. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1971.tb06225.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Cotter S. M., Gilmore C. E., Rollins C. Multiple cases of feline leukemia and feline infectious peritonitis in a househould. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1973;162:1054–1058. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Disque D. F., Case M. T., Youngren J. A. Feline infectious peritonitis. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1968;152:372–375. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Doherty M. J. Ocular manifestations of feline infectious peritonitis. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1971;159:417–424. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Empson, R. M., Jr.: Feline infectious peritonitis. In: Current Vet. Therapy. Philadelphia: V.W.B. Saunders Co.
  • 15.Eagle G. C., Brodey R. S. A retrospective study of 395 feline neoplasms. Anim. Hosp. 1969;5:21–31. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Evans R., Salaman M. H. Studies on the mechanism of action of Riley virus. III. Replication of Riley's plasma enzyme elevating virusin vitro. J. exp. Med. 1965;122:993–1002. doi: 10.1084/jem.122.5.993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Fankhauser R., Fatzer R. Meningitis und Chorioependymitis granulomatosa der Katze; mögliche Beziehungen zur felinen infektiösen Peritonitis (FIP) Kleintier-Praxis. 1977;22:1–44. [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Feldman B. F. Feline infectious peritonitis: a case report of a variant form. Fel. Pract. 1974;4:32–37. [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Garwes D. J., Pocock D. H. The polypeptide structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. J. gen. Virol. 1975;29:25–34. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-29-1-25. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 20.Gelatt K. N. Iridocyclitis and panophthalmitis associated with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Med. Small Anim. Clin. 1973;68:56–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Gorham J. R., Leader R. W., Padgett G. A., Burger D., Henson J. B. In: Slow, latent, and temperate virus infections. (NINDB, monograph2) Gajdusek D. C., Gibbs C. J., editors. Washington D. C.: U.S. Dept. Health, Educ. and Welfare; 1965. pp. 279–285. [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Gouffaux M., Pastoret P. P., Henroteaux M., Massip A. Feline infectious peritonitis. Proteins of plasma and ascitic fluid. Vet. Pathol. 1975;12:335–348. doi: 10.1177/0300985875012005-00601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Groulade P., Groulade J., Groslambert P. Age variation in the serum glycoproteins and lipoproteins of the normal cat. J. Small Anim. Pract. 1965;6:333–361. [Google Scholar]
  • 24.Hardy W. D., Hurvitz A. J. Feline infectious peritonitis: experimental studies. J. Amer. vet. Med. Ass. 1971;158:994–1002. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Hardy W. D., O'Reilly W. J. Clinico-pathologic conference. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1969;155:1728–1733. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Hayashi T., Goto N., Takahashi R., Fujiwara K. Systemic vascular lesions in feline infectious peritonitis. Jap. J. Vet. Sci. 1977;39:365–377. doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.39.365. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Henson P. M. Interaction of cells with immune complexes: adherence, release of constituents, and tissue injuring. J. exp. Med. 1971;134:114–135. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Henson J. B., McGuire T. C., Kobayashi K., Gorham J. R. The diagnosis of equine infectious anemia using the complement fixation test, siderocyte counts, hepatic biopsies and serum protein alteration. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1967;151:1830 to 1839. [Google Scholar]
  • 29.Hierholzer J. C., Palmer E. L., Whitfield S. G., Kaye H. S., Dowdle W. R. Protein composition of human coronavirus OC43. Virology. 1972;48:516–527. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90062-1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 30.Holmberg C. A., Gribble D. H. FIP: Diagnostic gross and microscopic lesions. Fel. Pract. 1973;3:11–14. [Google Scholar]
  • 31.Holzworth J. Some important disorders of cats. Cornell Vet. 1963;53:157–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 32.Horzinek M. C., Osterhaus A. D. M. E. Feline infectious peritonitis: a coronavirus disease of cats. J. Small Anim. Pract. 1978;19:561–568. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1978.tb05551.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 33.Horzinek M. C., Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Ellens D. J. Feline infectious peritonitis virus. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 1977;24:398–405. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1977.tb01013.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 34.Horzinek, M. C., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Wirahadiredja, R. M. S., Ellens, D. J.: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus. III. Studies on the multiplication of FIP virus in the suckling mouse. Zbl. Vet. Med. B (in press, 1978). [PubMed]
  • 35.Ingram P. L. The occurrence of feline infectious peritonitis in England. Vet. Rec. 1970;86:632. doi: 10.1136/vr.86.21.632-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36.Ingram P. L. Feline infectious peritonitis and its differential diagnosis. J. Small Anim. Pract. 1971;12:301–306. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1971.tb06234.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 36a.Jones B. R., Hoog G. G. Feline infectious peritonitis. Austr. Vet. J. 1974;50:398 to 402. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb05345.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 37.Jones B. R. Feline infectious peritonitis: a review. New Zeal. vet. J. 1975;23:221 to 225. doi: 10.1080/00480169.1975.34245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 38.Jones B. R., Hoog G. G. Feline infectious peritonitis. Austral. Vet. J. 1974;50:398–402. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb05345.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 39.Kaye H. S. Antigenic relationship between human coronavirus strain OC43 and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67N of swine: antibody responses in human and animal sera. J. inf. Dis. 1977;35:201–209. doi: 10.1093/infdis/135.2.201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 40.Konishi S., Takahashi E., Ogata M., Ishida K. Studies on feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). I. Occurrence and experimental transmissions of the disease in Japan. J. Vet. Sci. 1971;33:327–333. doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.33.327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 41.Krum S., Johnson K., Wilson J. Hydrocephalus associated with the non-effusive form of FIP. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1975;167:746–748. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 42.Leader R. W., Hurvitz A. J. Interspecies patterns of slow virus diseases. Amer. Rev. Med. 1972;23:191–200. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.23.020172.001203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 43.Legendre A. M., Whitenack D. L. FIP with spinal cord involvement in two cats. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1975;167:931–932. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 44.Loeffler D. G., Ott R. L., Evermann J. F., Alexander J. E. The incidence of naturally occurring antibodies against feline infectious peritonitis in selected cat populations. Fel. Pract. 1978;8:43–45. [Google Scholar]
  • 45.Lomniczi B. Biological properties of avian coronavirus RNA. J. gen. Virol. 1977;36:531–533. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-36-3-531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 46.Low R. J., Colby E. D., Covington H. J., Benirschke K. Report of the isolation of an agent from cell cultures of kidneys from domestic cats. Vet. Rec. 1971;88:557–558. doi: 10.1136/vr.88.21.557. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 47.Macnaughton M. R., Davies H. A., Nermut M. V. Ribonucleoprotein-like structures from coronavirus particles. J. gen. Virol. 1978;39:545–549. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-39-3-545. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 48.McGuire T. C., Crawford T. B., Henson J. B., Gorham J. R. Aleutian disease of mink: detection of large quantities of complement-fixing antibody to viral antigen. J. Immunol. 1971;107:1481–1482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 49.McIntosh K. Coronaviruses: a comparative review. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1974;63:85–129. [Google Scholar]
  • 50.Mieog W. H. W., Richter J. H. M. Feline infectious peritonitis. Tijdschr. Diergeneesk. 1971;96:585–598. [Google Scholar]
  • 51.Mims C. A. Factors in the mechanism of persistence of viral infections. Progr. med. Virol. 1974;18:1–14. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 52.Montali R. J., Strandberg J. D. Extraperitoneal lesions in feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Pathol. 1972;9:109–121. doi: 10.1177/030098587200900204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 53.Oldstone M. B. A. Virus neutralization and virus-induced immune complex disease. Progr. med. Virol. 1975;19:84–119. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 54.Oldstone M. B. A., Dixon F. J. Immune complex disease in chronic viral infections. J. exp. Med. 1971;134:32–40. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 55.Oroszlan S., Gilden R. V. Immune virolysis: effect of antibody and complement on C-type RNA virus. Science. 1970;168:1478–1480. doi: 10.1126/science.168.3938.1478. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 56.Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Horzinek M. C., Ellens D. J. Untersuchungen zur Ätiologie der Felinen infektiösen Peritonitis (Vorläufige Mitteilung) Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. 1976;89:135–137. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 57.Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Horzinek M. C., Reynolds D. J. Seroepidemiology of feline infectious peritonitis virus infections using transmissible gastroenteritis virus as antigen. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 1977;24:835–841. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1977.tb00976.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 58.Osterhaus A. D. M. E., Horzinek M. C., Wirahadiredja R. M. S. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus. II. Propagation in suckling mouse brain. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 1978;25:301–307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 59.Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Horzinek, M. C., Wirahadiredja, R. M. S.: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus. IV. Propagation of FIP virus in suckling rat and hamster brain. Zbl. Vet. Med. B (in press, 1978). [PubMed]
  • 60.Ott, R. L., Feline infectious peritonitis. In:Drawer, K. K., Sta. Barbara Cal., Catcot, E. J. (eds.), Feline Surgery and Medicine, Second Ed., 47–54. Amer. Vet. Publ. Inc. 1975.
  • 61.Parker J. C., Collins M. J. Feline infectious peritonitis: Experimental evidence for its multiphasic nature. J. Amer. Vet. Res. 1974;35:1271 to 1275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 62.Pedersen N. C. Morphologic and physical characteristics of feline infectious peritonitis virus and its growth in autochthonous peritoneal cell cultures. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 1976;37:567–572. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 63.Pedersen N. C. Serologic studies of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 1976;37:1449–1453. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 64.Pedersen N. C. Feline infectious peritonitis: something old, something new. Fel. Pract. 1976;6:42–51. [Google Scholar]
  • 65.Pedersen, N. C., Holliday, T. A., Cello, R. M.: Feline infectious peritonitis. Proc. 41st. Ann. Meeting Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 147–153 (1974).
  • 66.Pedersen N. C., Theilen G., Keanne M. A., Fairbanks L., Mason T., Orso B., Chen C. H., Allison C. Studies on naturally transmitted feline leukemia virus infection. Amer. J. Vet. Res. 1977;38:1523–1531. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 67.Pedersen N. C., Ward J., Mengeling W. L. Antigenic relationship of the feline infectious peritonitis virus to coronaviruses of other species. Arch. Virol. 1978;58:45–53. doi: 10.1007/BF01315534. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 68.Poelma, F. G., Peters, J. C., Mieog, W. H. W., Zwart, P.: Infektiöse Peritonitis bei Karakal(felis caracal) und Nordluchs(felis lynx lynx). In: Erkrankungen der Zootiere (13. Int. Symp., Helsinki), 245–283 (1971).
  • 69.Porter D. D., Larsen A. E., Porter H. G. The pathogenesis of Aleutian disease of mink. I.In vivo viral replication and the host antibody response to viral antigen. J. exp. Med. 1969;130:575–595. doi: 10.1084/jem.130.3.575. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 70.Potkay S., Bacher J. D., Pitts T. W. Feline infectious peritonitis in a closed breeding colony. Lab. Anim. Sci. 1974;24:279–289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 71.Reynolds D. J., Garwes D. J., Gaskell C. J. Detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralizing antibody in cats. Arch. Virol. 1977;55:77–86. doi: 10.1007/BF01314481. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 72.Robison R. L., Holzworth J., Gilmore C. E. Naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis: signs and clinical diagnosis. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1971;158:981–986. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 73.Rubin L. F., Pote J. L., Cimprich R. Clinico-pathological conference. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1974;164:630–634. [Google Scholar]
  • 74.Slauson D. D., Finn J. P. Meningoencephalitis and panophthalmitis in feline infectious peritonitis. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1972;160:729–734. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 75.Stünzi H., Grevel V. Die ansteckende fibrinöse Peritonitis der Katze. Vorläufige Mitteilung über die ersten spontanen Fälle in der Schweiz. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk. 1973;115:579–586. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 76.Sturman L. S. Characterization of a coronavirus. I. Structural proteins: effect of preparative conditions on the migration of protein in polyacrylamide gels. Virology. 1977;77:637–649. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90488-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 77.Traavik T., Mehl R., Kjeldsberg E. “Runde” virus, a coronavirus-like agent associated with seabirds and ticks. Arch. Virol. 1977;55:25–38. doi: 10.1007/BF01314476. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 78.Tuch K., Witte K. H., Wüller H. Feststellung der felinen infektiösen Peritonitis (FIP) bei Hauskatzen und Leoparden in Deutschland. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 1974;21:426–441. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 79.Tyrrell D. A. J., Almeida J. D., Cunningham C. H., Dowdle W. R., Hofstad M. S., McIntosh K., Tajima M., Zastelskaya L. Y., Easterday B. C., Kapikian A., Bingham R. W. Coronaviridae. Intervirology. 1975;5:76–82. doi: 10.1159/000149883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 80.Ward, J. M.: A study of the etiology and pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of California, Davis, Calif., June 1970.
  • 81.Ward J. M. Morphogenesis of a virus in cats with experimental feline infectious peritonitis. Virology. 1970;41:191–194. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90070-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 82.Ward B. C., Pedersen N. Infectious peritonitis in cats. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1969;154:26–35. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 83.Ward J. M., Gribble D. H., Dungworth D. L. Feline infectious peritonitis: Experimental evidence for its multiphasic nature. J. Amer. Vet. Res. 1974;35:1271 to 1275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 84.Ward J. M., Munn R. J., Gribble D. H., Dungworth D. L. An observation of feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Rec. 1968;83:416–417. doi: 10.1136/vr.83.16.416. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 85.Ward J. M., Smith R., Schalm O. W. Inclusions in neutrophils of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. J. Amer. vet. Med. Ass. 1971;158:348. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 86.Wirahadiredja, R. M. S., Anakotta, J., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.: Detection by immunofluorescence of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) viral antigen in pigs using cat anti feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus conjugate. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. (in press.) [DOI] [PubMed]
  • 87.Witte K. H., Tuch K., Dubenkropp H., Walther C. Untersuchungen über die Antigenverwandtschaft der Viren der Felinen infektiösen Peritonitis (FIP) und der transmissiblen Gastroenteritis (TGE) des Schweines. Berl. Münch. Tierärztl. Wschr. 1977;80:396–401. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 88.Wolfe L. G., Griesemer R. A. Feline infectious peritonitis. Path. Vet. 1966;3:225–270. doi: 10.1177/030098586600300309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 89.Wolfe L. G., Griesemer R. A. Feline infectious peritonitis: Review of gross and histopathologic lesions. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass. 1971;158:987–993. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 90.Zook B. C., King N. W., Robison R. L., McCombs H. L. Ultrastructural evidence for the viral etiology of feline infectious peritonitis. Path. Vet. 1968;5:91–95. [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Virology are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES