Summary
The duration of challenge resistance in mice immunized with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain JHM was examined as a model of immunity to corona-virus infection. Genetically susceptible BALB/cByJ mice were immunized by intranasal (i.n.) or per os (p.o.) inoculation with MHV-JHM or sterile tissue culture fluid (sham) then challenged i.n. with MHV-JHM or sterile tissue culture fluid 1, 6, or 12 months later. Four days after challenge, virus in nasal turbinates and liver was quantified, and prevalance of microscopic lesions in liver and gut-associated lymphoid tissue was tabulated as indices of challenge resistance. MHV-immunized and challenged groups were compared to sham-immunized and challenged groups. Mice immunized by i.n. inoculation were strongly resistant to challenge at 1, 6, and 12 months. Mice immunized by p.o. inoculation were resistant at 1 month, but became partially susceptible to reinfection at 6 and 12 months, based upon all indices. These data indicate that, depending upon route of immunization, mice can become susceptible to reinfection with the same coronavirus strain over time.
Keywords: Hepatitis, Infectious Disease, Tissue Culture, Lymphoid Tissue, Hepatitis Virus
References
- 1.Barthold SW. Olfactory neural pathway in mouse hepatitis virus nasoencephalitis. Acta Neuropathol. 1988;76:502–506. doi: 10.1007/BF00686390. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Barthold SW, Beck DS, Smith AL. Mouse hepatitis virus nasoencephalopathy is dependent upon virus strain and host genotype. Arch Virol. 1986;91:247–256. doi: 10.1007/BF01314284. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Barthold SW, Smith AL. Response of genetically susceptible and resistant mice to intranasal inoculation with mouse hepatitis virus JHM. Virus Res. 1987;7:225–229. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(87)90030-X. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Barthold S, Smith AL. Virus strain specificity of challenge immunity to coronavirus. Arch Virol. 1989;104:187–196. doi: 10.1007/BF01315542. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Frith CH, Ward JM. Color atlas of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in aging mice. New York: Elsevier; 1988. pp. 10–26. [Google Scholar]
- 6.Holmes KV. Replication of coronaviruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Chanock RM, Melnick JL, Roizman B, Shope RE, editors. Fundamental virology. New York: Raven Press; 1986. pp. 513–525. [Google Scholar]
- 7.Hummel KP, Richardson FL, Fekete E. Anatomy. In: Green EL, editor. Biology of the laboratory mouse. New York: Dover; 1975. pp. 247–307. [Google Scholar]
- 8.Smith AL. An immunofluorescence test for detection of serum antibody to rodent coronaviruses. Lab Anim Sci. 1983;33:157–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9.Smith AL, Winograd DF. Two enzyme immunoassays for detection of antibody to rodent coronaviruses. J Virol Methods. 1986;14:335–343. doi: 10.1016/0166-0934(86)90035-2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Wege H, Siddell S, ter Meulen V. The biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1982;99:165–200. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-68528-6_5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]