Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection logoLink to Springer Nature - PMC COVID-19 Collection
. 2009 Jul 10;72(1):122–132. doi: 10.1007/s11538-009-9440-8

Candidate Genes Associated with Susceptibility for SARS-Coronavirus

Ying-Hen Hsieh 1,✉, Cathy W S Chen 2, Shu-Fang Hsu Schmitz 3, Chwan-Chuan King 4, Wei-Ju Chen 5, Yi-Chun Wu 6, Mei-Shang Ho 5
PMCID: PMC7089239  PMID: 19590927

Abstract

Assuming that no human had any previously acquired immunoprotection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) during the 2003 SARS outbreak, the biological bases for possible difference in individual susceptibility are intriguing. However, this issue has never been fully elucidated. Based on the premise that SARS patients belonging to a given genotype group having a significantly higher SARS infection rate than others would imply that genotype group being more susceptible, we make use of a compartmental model describing disease transmission dynamics and clinical and gene data of 100 laboratory confirmed SARS patients from Chinese Han population in Taiwan to estimate the infection rates of distinct candidate genotype groups among these SARS-infected individuals. The results show that CXCL10(−938AA) is always protective whenever it appears, but appears rarely and only jointly with either Fgl2(+158T/*) or HO-1(−497A/*), while (Fgl2)(+158T/*) is associated with higher susceptibility unless combined with CXCL10/IP-10(−938AA), when jointly is associated with lower susceptibility. The novel modeling approach proposed, which does not require sizable case and control gene datasets, could have important future public health implications in swiftly identifying potential high-risk groups associated with being highly susceptible to a particular infectious disease.

Keywords: SARS, Genotype, Susceptibility, Compartmental model, Transmission dynamics

Footnotes

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11538-010-9512-9

References

  1. Anderson R.M., May R.M. Infectious Diseases of Humans. London: Oxford University Press; 1991. [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen W.J., Yang J.Y., Lin J.H., et al. Nasopharyngeal shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus is associated with genetic polymorphisms. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2006;42(11):1561–1569. doi: 10.1086/503843. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chen Y.M., Liang S.Y., Shih Y.P., et al. Epidemiological and genetic correlates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the hospital with the highest nosocomial infection rate in Taiwan in 2003. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2006;44(2):359–365. doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.2.359-365.2006. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chong W.P., Ip W.K., Tso H.W., et al. The interferon gamma gene polymorphism +874 A/T is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. BMC Infect. Dis. 2006;6:82. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-82. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. He J., Feng D., de Vlas S.J., et al. Association of SARS susceptibility with single nucleic acid polymorphisms of OAS1 and MxA genes: a case-control study. BMC Infect. Dis. 2006;6:106. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-106. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ho M.S., Su I.J. Preparing to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome and other respiratory infections. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2004;4(11):684–689. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01174-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Ho, M.S., Chen, W.J., Fann, C. et al., 2008. Polymorphisms of Candidate Genes Associated with Clinical Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), preprint
  8. Hsieh Y.H., Chen C.W.S., Hsu S.B. SARS outbreak, Taiwan 2003. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004;10(2):201–206. doi: 10.3201/eid1002.030515. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hsieh Y.H., King C.C., Chen C.W.S., et al. Quarantine for SARS, Taiwan. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2005;11(2):278–282. doi: 10.3201/eid1102.040190. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hsieh Y.H., King C.C., Chen C.W.S., Ho M.S., Hsu S.B., Wu Y.C. Impact of quarantine on the 2003 SARS outbreak: a retrospective modeling study. J. Theor. Biol. 2007;244:729–736. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.09.015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ip W.K., Chan K.H., Law H.K., et al. Mannose-binding lectin in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 2005;191(10):1697–1704. doi: 10.1086/429631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lee A. Host and environment are key factors. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 2003;57:770. doi: 10.1136/jech.57.10.770. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lin M., Tseng H.K., Trejaut J.A., et al. Association of HLA class I with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. BMC Med. Genet. 2003;4:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-4-9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ng M.H., Lau K.M., Li L., et al. Association of human-leukocyte-antigen class I (B*0703) and class II (DRB1*0301) genotypes with susceptibility and resistance to the development of severe acute respiratory syndrome. J. Infect. Dis. 2004;190(3):515–518. doi: 10.1086/421523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Peiris J.S., Chu C.M., Cheng V.C., et al. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. Lancet. 2003;361:1767–1772. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13412-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pindyck R.S., Rubinfeld D.L. Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. [Google Scholar]
  17. Rapatski B.L., Suppe F., Yorke J.A. HIV epidemics driven by late disease stage transmission. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2005;38(3):241–253. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sui J., Li W., Murakami A., et al. Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004;101(8):2536–2541. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0307140101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Tsui P.T., Kwok M.L., Yuen H., Lai S.T. Severe acute respiratory syndrome: clinical outcome and prognostic correlates. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003;9:1064–1069. doi: 10.3201/eid0909.030362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Yuan F.F., Tanner J., Chan P.K., et al. Influence of FcgammaRIIA and MBL polymorphisms on severe acute respiratory syndrome. Influence of FcgammaRIIA and MBL polymorphisms on severe acute respiratory syndrome. Tissue Antigens. 2005;66(4):291–296. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00476.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Zhang H., Zhou G., Zhi L., et al. Association between mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. J. Infect. Dis. 2005;192(8):1355–1361. doi: 10.1086/491479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of Mathematical Biology are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES