Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 93)
| n (%) | M (SD) | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 38.10 (10.21) | 20–56 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 47 (50.5%) | ||
| Female | 46 (49.5%) | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Latino | 13 (14.0%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 13 (14.0%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 63 (67.7%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Other | 4 (4.3%) | ||
| Primary Language | |||
| English | 88 (94.6%) | ||
| Non-English | 5 (5.4%) | ||
| Sexual Orientation§ | |||
| Heterosexual | 77 (91.7%) | ||
| Gay or Bisexual | 7 ( 8.3%) | ||
| SES Factors | |||
| No GED or HS Diploma | 30 (32.3%) | ||
| Unemployed§ | 62 (73.8%) | ||
| On disability/SSI§ | 17 (20.2%) | ||
| Income < $20K/yr.§ | 74 (88.1%) | ||
| Unstable housing last 30 days§ | 8 (9.5%) | ||
| Drug Use History | |||
| No. Years Opioid Use | 14.10 ( 9.53) | 1.00 – 37.00 | |
| Live with active user(s) | 28 (30.1%) | ||
| Lifetime Injection | 73 (78.5%) | ||
| MMT Status | |||
| Previous MAT History | 82 (88.2%) | ||
| No. Times Previously on MAT | 2.16 (1.84) | 0.00 – 11.00 | |
| Current Methadone Dose (mg/day) | 84.80 (28.39) | 25.00 – 160.00 | |
| Readiness to Change | |||
| Reduce Drug Use (heroin, cocaine) | 4.67 (1.38) | 2.00 – 6.50 | |
| Use New/Clean Needle | 4.05 (1.20) | 1.00 –6.50 | |
| Cumulative Opioid Experiences Last 12 Months | |||
| Mean No. Bags Heroin | 1.90 (4.48) | 0.00 – 19.50 | |
| Mean Opioid Withdrawal | 0.42 (0.63) | 0.00 – 3.00 | |
| Recent Opioid Use | |||
| % Negative UTox Last 6 mo. | 81.75 (23.94) | 0.00 – 100.00 | |
| Injected Heroin Last 6 mo.§ | 18 (21.4%) | ||
| Injected Heroin Last 30 days§ | 9 (9.7%) | ||
§
9 participants had missing values on this variable. GED= general education diploma. HS= high school. SSI= supplemental security income. K= thousand; Yr.= year. No. = number of. mg = milligrams. Mo.= months. Unstable Housing= reported staying in a controlled environment [jail, inpatient, residential treatment], or no stable arrangement. MMT= methadone maintenance treatment. MAT= medication-assisted treatment (includes methadone, buprenorphine, LAAM). UTox= urine toxicology test for opioids.