Table 1. Rate model parameters.

Neurons are modelled analogous to neocortical pyramidal neurons in terms of cell capacitance, leak conductance, and membrane time constant (Tripathy et al., 2014). Maximal synaptic conductances during seizures have been reported in the range of a few hundreds of nS (Neckelmann et al., 2000). Chloride clearance (Deisz et al., 2011), buffer (Marchetti, 2005), and seizure-induced sAHP conductance (Alger and Nicoll, 1980) are modeled according to the reported ranges. Spatially non-localized recurrent projections ($\gamma$) are considered in this study (Liou et al., 2018). All rate models are based on this standard parameter set. Any further parameter adjustment is reported in figure legends.

Parameters		unit
${\displaystyle C}$	100	pF
${\displaystyle g_L}$	4	nS
${\displaystyle \overline{g_E}}$	100	nS
${\displaystyle \overline{g_I}}$	300	nS
${\displaystyle E_L}$	-58	mV
${\displaystyle E_E}$	0	mV
${\displaystyle E_K}$	-90	mV
${\displaystyle f_{max}}$	200	Hz
${\displaystyle \beta }$	2.5	mV
${\displaystyle {\tau }_E}$	15	ms
${\displaystyle {\tau }_I}$	15	ms
${\displaystyle {\tau }_{\varphi }}$	100	ms
${\displaystyle {\varphi }_0}$	-45	mV
${\displaystyle {\mathrm{\Delta }}_{\varphi }}$	0.3	mV/Hz
${\displaystyle {\tau }_{Cl}}$	5	second
${\displaystyle V_d}$	0.24	pL
${\displaystyle [Cl{]}_{in.eq}}$	6	mM
${\displaystyle [Cl{]}_{out}}$	110	mM
${\displaystyle {\tau }_k}$	5	second
${\displaystyle {\mathrm{\Delta }}_k}$	0.2	nS/Hz
${\displaystyle {\sigma }_E}$	0.02	Normalized spatial scale
${\displaystyle {\sigma }_I}$	0.03	Normalized spatial scale
${\displaystyle \gamma }$	1/6