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. 2003;5(1):27–34. doi: 10.1007/BF03033370

Is there a subtype of developmental Parkinson's disease?

P Riederer 1,✉
PMCID: PMC7090941  PMID: 12832222

Conclusion

Evidence accumulates suggesting that environmental factors including viral and risk factors associated with pregnancy and birth-giving, may increase the incidence of hypokinesia/parkinsonism in early life, or PD in later life. Such environmental pre-, peri- or postnatal stress may lead to disturbances in the developing brain and malformations in regions of particular interest and associated with PD. Genetic predisposition to hypoactivity plus environmental effects may lead to reorganization of brain circuitry including changes in monoaminergic and/or EAA systems, leading to a subtype of PD, i.e. genetic, drug induced, viral, developmental and other possible subtypes. The spectrum disorder of PD is going to be further substantiated into various etiopathologically verifyable subgroups.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease subtypes, Environmental hypothesis, Developmental disorder, Hypokinetic/hypertone syndrome, Viral infection, Neurodegeneration, Genetic hypothesis

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